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diagnosis differential acute hyponatremia alkalosis hyperkalemia hypokalemia metabolic microscopy syndrome workup intercellularshift kidneyinjury management nephritis nephrotic potassium proteinuria sodium treatment
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... : Hypovolemia, Low ... cases are caused ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... crystals • Calcium ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology ... #Causes
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
“Muddy Brown” Casts ... of mb granular casts ... appreciated at low ... Granular #MuddyBrown #Casts ... #Clinical #Nephrology
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive) • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... sensitive) • AKI ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... proteinuria, granular casts ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Workup Algorithm ... electrolytes, urea ... osmolarity If cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) What to ask/look for: - HPI, PMH, full ROS
UOP/weights - Urine ... Na/K/Cl/urea/protein ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
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