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diagnosis differential acute hyponatremia aki glomerular nephritis hematuria kidneyinjury proteinuria syndrome ain biopsy blood comparison disease glomerulonephritis hypotonic indications initial
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... tuberculosis Fatty - Nephrotic
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... - Casts Acellular ... suggestive of nephrotic ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive) • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Acute Interstitial Nephritis ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... proteinuria, granular casts ... #Interstitial #Nephritis ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
blood cells on urine ... microscopy. ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic
Lupus Nephritis - Diagnostic approach to kidney disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) SLE patient develops
Lupus Nephritis ... > 500 mg/d • Nephritic ... dysmorphic RBCs, RBC casts ... , WBC casts) especially ... 5%) #Lupus #Nephritis
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Cerebral salt wasting ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... mimics, repeat testing ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... if cause not identified
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... present on repeat testing ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... microscopy / urinary ... • Interstitial nephritis ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
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