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diagnosis nephrology differential management algorithm treatment microscopy table workup aki barre blood criticalcare glomerulonephritis guillain hematuria interpretation pharmacology rheumatology signs
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... GI losses • Renal ... Hypo-osmolar urine
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... GI losses • Renal ... Hypo-osmolar urine
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #casts
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... osmolarity If cause ... investigations depending on clinical ... syndrome: troponin ... #causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... WBCs, or urine ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... are seen in acute ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... at least 50% Renal ... • Hepatorenal syndromes ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast
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