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diagnosis differential hyponatremia nephrotic proteinuria acute aki blood hematuria sodium urine urology workup barre chronic ckd classification comparison diseases glomerulonephritis
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
/nephritic syndromes ... the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC ... casts or dysmorphic ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... #Nephrotic #Syndromes ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
of UTI, urine WBCs ... • Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
of Glomerular Bleeding ... disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... #urology #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
• Fanconi's syndrome ... • Drugs Glomerular ... urine sediment - WBC ... /RBC casts ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... GI losses • Renal ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... GI losses • Renal ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Atherosclerosis Glomerular ... Sterile pyuria, WBC ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ADH Independent: • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Tea and Toast Syndrome ... • Renal Failure ... liver failure, nephrotic ... syndrome ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , UNa < 20 • Nephrotic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #nephrology
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