27 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Hypertonic saline ... Polyuria scheme) e.g ... #Algorithm #Causes
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
CNS: parietal ... (Many causes!) ... • Infection (e.g ... Brain lesions (e.g ... Wonderland #Syndrome #diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Malignancy (e.g ... pathology (e.g. ... Pulmonary pathology (e.g ... exacerbation) - Drugs (e.g ... #Table #Causes
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Normal ... Anorexia Nervosa • CNS ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #causes #pediatrics
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Infiltrative disorders (e.g ... Malignancy - CNS ... - Medications (e.g ... renal diseases (e.g ... #Table #Causes
Inflammatory Joint Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Monoarticular
 • Gout (Podagra, Tophi)
 • Pseudogout
 • Early
• Reactive (e.g ... Enteropathic (e.g ... polyangiitis (GPA)/microscopic ... Enteropathic (e.g ... #Causes
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
Causes of Dysuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Pyuria ... Non-Gonococcal (e.g ... #Algorithm #Causes
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology ... Chemotherapy (e.g ... #differential #diagnosis ... #hematology #microscopy ... #atlas #nomenclature
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... Algorithm Persistent ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Protein deposition (eg ... #Algorithm #Causes
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... CastsHyaline ... colored compounds (e.g ... #Urine #Microscopy ... interpretation #diagnosis