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diagnosis differential causes hypokalemia hyperkalemia acute cardiorenal effects gitelman hyponatremia hypotonic kidneydisease kidneyinjury management mechanisms nsaids physiologic sodium table
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
through distal nephron ... Creatinine • Chronic renal ... failure • AKI ... #Hyperkalemia #IntercellularShift ... #Nephrology #Differential
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
on the Kidney - Pathophysiology ... distal component of Nephron ... blood flow: Pre ... renal AKI Idiosyncratic ... KidneyDisease #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome • Increased renal interstitial pressure • Hypoperfusion • Reduced
Mechanisms of nephron ... • Increased renal ... blood flow • ... #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
• Refeeding syndrome ... Losses Non-renal ... vomiting) • Low ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis HEMODYNAMIC • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Kidney Injury AKI ... Impaired forward flow ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... Abhilash Koratala @NephroP ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia), Low ... table #sodium #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... consumption • Low ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
- Appropriate renal ... , TTKG, distal flow ... Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... #Hyperkalemia #IntercellularShift ... #Nephrology #Differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... potassium wasting ... , Renal tubular ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
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