3209 results
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
calcium-containing stones ... X-rays useful tor stone ... identify non-calculus causes ... for non-calculus causes ... Calculi #Renal #Kidney
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... Uric Acid Stones ... - 10% of stones ... Medullary sponge kidney ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Metabolic Causes ... of Kidney Stones ... SwastiThinks #Metabolic #Causes ... #Kidney #Stones
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
Acute Kidney Injury ... or pigmented casts ... treating underlying cause ... - Intrarenal: stones ... appropriate) #Acute #Kidney
Lower Urinary Tract Infections: Complications
 - Infection damages the urinary tract epithelium causing fibroblast proliferation and
Infection of the kidney ... urea which may cause ... urine -> Struvite stones
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Intestine - Other causes ... Intestine • Kidney ... duct stricture/Stones
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
cirrhosis, chronic kidney ... cirrhosis, chronic kidney ... insipidus • Kidney ... stones caused by ... cirrhosis, chronic kidney
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Algorithm Vascular Causes ... Obstruction: Biliary stone ... cardiac muscle, RBC, kidney ... cardiac muscle, kidneys ... trimester placenta, kidneys
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause ... Nephrolithiasis (Kidney ... Stones) Cardiac ... Skull expansion causes ... middle ear bones causes
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
amino acids in kidney ... #Types #Renal #stones ... differential #diagnosis #causes