13 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Hypercalcemia ... resorption: • Primary ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... due to decreased urinary ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Diagnosis Algorithm Primary ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Immobilization • Adrenal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Syphilis - Diagnosis and Management - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary
Primary Syphilis
 • Localized lymphadenopathy
 •
and Management - Primary ... Secondary vs Tertiary Primary ... treponemal tests rule out ... #Primary #Secondary ... #Tertiary #Comparison
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... or normal): • Primary ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Diagnosis Algorithm Primary ... of nucleotides Primary ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... • Alcohol #gout ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... , adrenal, prostate ... #Causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hormone–dependent Primary ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Adrenal Insufficiency ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... baseline ACTH - Primary ... adrenal insufficiency ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm - Evaluation of HPA Axis Response to ACTH

Early am cortisol < 3
Adrenal Insufficiency ... diagnostic of primary ... >17 rules this out ... suggests EITHER primary ... Stimulation #Test #Endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical features: 
 - Weight loss, anorexia, Weakness, fatigue, GI distress
 - Hypotension,
Adrenal Insufficiency ... , only seen in PRIMARY ... adrenal insufficiency ... Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... Stimulation #StimTest #Endocrinology