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diagnosis hematology differential management causes algorithm oncology infectiousdiseases workup erythematosus leukemia lupus pulmonary reactions sle systemic atlas autoimmune chronic cll
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 1) DIAGNOSE AIHA • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes •
Anemia 1) DIAGNOSE ... AIHA • Anemia ... type ± C3d • Blood ... #management #treatment ... #rheumatology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection ... spherocytosis) • Infections ... differential #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hereditary: • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History •
Hemolytic Anemia ... • Peripheral blood ... → Sickle Cell anemia ... malignancy, autoimmune disease ... Fevers, DAT (-) → Infection
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis Hypochromia Megaloblastic Anemia Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS) Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Sickled red
Peripheral Blood ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... cells: Sickle cell disease ... #Peripheral #Blood ... Smear #Analysis #hematology
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Treatment Warm AIHA: 1) Steroids - 1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily • Until
Anemia (AIHA) Treatment ... esp if severe disease ... Polyclonal: - Infection ... #Anemia #AIHA # ... #hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Red Blood Cell ( ... , McLeod blood group ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic ... Cold autoimmune hemolytic ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor The maturation factor is
Chronic kidney disease ... (e.g. cancer, infection ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... G6PD deficiency), Infections ... Production #Index #hematology
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... • Bleeding • Hemolysis ... Inflammation, Chronic Infection ... #MCV #Classification ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease 3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies: 1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD) 2. Donath-Landsteiner
anemia • Cold ... Immunoglobulin M (IgM) • Blood ... sensitize red blood ... #hemolytic #anemia ... #hematology #diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia Intrinsic Causes: • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase • Hemoglobinopathies
Anemia Intrinsic ... Causes: • Liver disease ... drug induced • Infections ... Diagnosis #causes #classification ... #hematology
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