42 results
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Anemia 1) DIAGNOSE ... AIHA • Anemia ... type ± C3d • Blood ... #management #treatment ... #rheumatology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection ... spherocytosis) • Infections ... differential #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Peripheral Blood ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... cells: Sickle cell disease ... #Peripheral #Blood ... Smear #Analysis #hematology
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
→ Refer to hematology ... : Acute blood loss ... , Acute hemolysis ... , deficiency anemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hematology
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Treatment
Warm AIHA:
1) Steroids - 1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily
   • Until
Anemia (AIHA) Treatment ... esp if severe disease ... Polyclonal: - Infection ... #Anemia #AIHA # ... #hematology
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... • Bleeding • Hemolysis ... Inflammation, Chronic Infection ... #MCV #Classification ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
Chronic kidney disease ... (e.g. cancer, infection ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... G6PD deficiency), Infections ... Production #Index #hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Red Blood Cell ( ... , McLeod blood group ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic ... Cold autoimmune hemolytic ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Anemia Intrinsic ... Causes: • Liver disease ... drug induced • Infections ... Diagnosis #causes #classification ... #hematology
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
-100): • Non-hemolytic ... , CKD • Hemolytic ... Macroangiopathic, Infections ... Non-megaloblastic: Liver disease ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology