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diagnosis hematology differential causes algorithm erythematosus management oncology sle systemic hemolysis signs symptoms activation agglutinin aiha allergic allergy autoantibodies autoimmune
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... usually IgG) (e.g. lupus ... Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection ... spherocytosis) • Infections ... #anemia
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Treatment Warm AIHA: 1) Steroids - 1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily • Until
Anemia (AIHA) Treatment ... esp if severe disease ... Polyclonal: - Infection ... #Anemia #AIHA # ... #hematology
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor The maturation factor is
Chronic kidney disease ... (e.g. cancer, infection ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... G6PD deficiency), Infections ... Production #Index #hematology
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... • Bleeding • Hemolysis ... Inflammation, Chronic Infection ... #MCV #Classification ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Congenital Diseases: • GATA2 deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia • Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome • Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy Cancer: • Leukemia • Lymphoma Inflammatory
Congenital Diseases ... deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... : • Systemic lupus ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... deficiency Infections
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia Intrinsic Causes: • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase • Hemoglobinopathies
Anemia Intrinsic ... Causes: • Liver disease ... drug induced • Infections ... Diagnosis #causes #classification ... #hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease 3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies: 1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD) 2. Donath-Landsteiner
anemia • Cold ... Immunoglobulin M (IgM) • Blood ... sensitize red blood ... #hemolytic #anemia ... #hematology #diagnosis
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
hematologic: Acute blood ... loss, Acute hemolysis ... , deficiency anemia ... Rebound effect from treatment ... Vasculitides, IBD, Celiac disease
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Diagnosis Manifestations: - Arthritis 69% - Malar rash 40% - Fever 36% -
Lymphadenopathies 7% - Hemolytic ... anemia 4% - Myositis ... Other auto-immune, Infectious ... diseases, Hematological ... #differential #rheumatology
Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus (SLE) General: Fever (50%), Depression, Fatigue (75%), Weight loss (50%) Eye: Sjögrens (15%) Skin
Features of Systemic Lupus ... pain (20%) Renal disease ... Glomerulonephritis Myositis(5%) Blood ... (75%): Anemia ( ... symptoms #diagnosis #rheumatology
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