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diagnosis hematology differential management causes algorithm oncology infectiousdiseases pulmonary hemolysis listeria listeriosis microbiology monocytogenes syndromes abscess agglutinin aiha aplastic atlas
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... Autoimmune (AIHA)"Cold ... (e.g. primary cold ... spherocytosis) • Infections ... #anemia
Cold Agglutinin Disease 3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies: 1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD) 2. Donath-Landsteiner
anemia • Cold ... Immunoglobulin M (IgM) • Blood ... sensitize red blood ... #hemolytic #anemia ... #hematology #diagnosis
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Treatment Warm AIHA: 1) Steroids - 1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily • Until
Anemia (AIHA) Treatment ... esp if severe disease ... azathioprine Cold ... Polyclonal: - Infection ... #hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Red Blood Cell ( ... , McLeod blood group ... Cell Agglutinate: Cold ... cold hemoglobinuria ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... Agglutination - Cold ... inclusions - If infection ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #workup ... #hematology #testing
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia Intrinsic Causes: • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase • Hemoglobinopathies
Causes: • Liver disease ... • AIHA: warm, cold ... drug induced • Infections ... Diagnosis #causes #classification ... #hematology
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
for workup, including ... hematologic: Acute blood ... loss, Acute hemolysis ... , deficiency anemia ... Rebound effect from treatment
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor The maturation factor is
Chronic kidney disease ... (e.g. cancer, infection ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... G6PD deficiency), Infections ... Production #Index #hematology
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... • Bleeding • Hemolysis ... Inflammation, Chronic Infection ... #MCV #Classification ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework 1) Environment - Fragmentation - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... Autoimmune: Warm AIHA, Cold ... Internal (RBC) - Infections ... Defects: Sickle cell anemia ... - Peripheral Blood
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