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diagnosis differential hyponatremia nephrology pharmacology potassium classification crisis diuresis diuretics function high hypokalemia low medications nephron renal segments sicklecell signs
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
Diagnosis, and Features ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... Hypervolemia, ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... in vivo) - GI bleeding ... Decreased potassium excretion ... renal potassium excretion ... #Causes #diagnosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal Excretion ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... with specific bleeding ... #Medications #Table
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder. Characterized by red
Features of a Sickle ... blood vessels leading ... Crises can be precipitated ... The underlying pathophysiology ... SickleCell #Crisis #Features
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
straight segments - Secretion ... organic acids and bases ... coupled to K+and H+ secretion ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
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