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diagnosis differential nephrology hyponatremia medications pharmacology renal antihypertensive bloodpressure bowel calculi calculus cardiology classification constipation contraindications diuresis excretion functional hyperlipidemia
Mechanical Bowel Obstruction and Ileus - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Ileus: Functional bowel "blockage", no peristalsis Mechanical Obstruction:
Mechanical Bowel Obstruction ... Findings Ileus: Functional ... either acute or chronic ... percussion • Nausea ... #sbo #ileus #pathophysiology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
liver cirrhosis, chronic ... liver cirrhosis, chronic ... Kidney stones caused ... liver cirrhosis, chronic ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... : • Acute or chronic ... #Causes #nephrology
Shock - Pathophysiology Inadequate tissue perfusion to meet O2, nutrient requirements 1. Distributive Shock 2. Hypovolemic Shock 3. Cardiogenic
Shock - Pathophysiology ... Obstructive Shock ... #Shock #Pathophysiology ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... , nasogastric suction ... (carbonic anhydrase ... , Osmotic diuresis ... #Hypokalemia #Causes
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
- Acute and chronic ... hyponatremia - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... acid and most diuretics ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus AXR. KUB - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
- Able to identify ... non-calculus causes ... detection with function ... for non-calculus causes ... of obstruction
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) Causes of primary mitral regurgitation - Rheumatic heart
and Functional ... Destruction of MV ... Age-related changes, chronic ... Causes of functional ... #Primary #Functional
Causes of Constipation in Adults Most common - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake - Poor bowel habits Systemic
Causes of Constipation ... - Opioids - Diuretics ... mass with obstruction ... intestinal pseudo-obstruction ... #Constipation #Causes
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