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differential nephrology pharmacology hyperkalemia hypomagnesemia low medications potassium renal bruising calculi calculus diuresis diuretics drugs emergency headache high hypokalemia hypomg
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... Nephron #Segments #Function ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Bleeding and Bruising - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Vascular System Defect - Congenital vs Acquired •
Bleeding and Bruising ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm • Vascular ... vs Acquired #Bleeding ... #Algorithm #pathophysiology
Shock - Pathophysiology Inadequate tissue perfusion to meet O2, nutrient requirements 1. Distributive Shock 2. Hypovolemic Shock 3. Cardiogenic
Shock - Pathophysiology ... Shock #Shock #Pathophysiology ... #differential #diagnosis ... #algorithm #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Increased ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus AXR. KUB - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
obstruction - Able ... identify non-calculus causes ... abdominal pain: diagnoses ... detection with function ... for non-calculus causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Hypovolemia ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm R/O ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #high #pathophysiology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal Excretion ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Kidney stones caused ... with specific bleeding ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Nasogastric suction ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... loss: Nasogastric suction ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... #differential #diagnosis
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