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Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... Chronic progressive kidney ... ketosis with ketone excretion ... #nephrology
Hormones acting on the kidney - Nephron map

#Hormones #Nephron #Sites #Action #Pathophysiology #Nephrology #Renal #Kidney
acting on the kidney ... Sites #Action #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Renal ... #Kidney
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... 1 - Failure of secretion ... salt diet #Renal ... #Tubular #Acidosis ... classification #nephrology
Hormones acting on the kidney

#Pathophysiology #Nephrology #Renal #Kidney #Hormones #Nephron #Sites #Action

** GrepMed Recommended Text: First
acting on the kidney ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Renal ... #Kidney #Hormones
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
urinary calcium excretion ... tubular acidosis ... amino acids in kidney ... tubular acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... tubal acidosis ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Pathophysiology of The Nephron - Electrolyte and Water Exchange

The nephron — electrolyte and water exchange. 
180
Pathophysiology ... arterioles to the kidneys ... results in the excretion ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Nephron
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... ) - Prerenal, Renal ... Diagnosis #Acute #Kidney ... #Differential #Nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Excretion Carbonic ... stones caused by ... #Excretion #Diuresis ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects in Kidney ... Epithelial Cells Renal ... receptor Distal renal ... tubular acidosis ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis