The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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DSM 5: Elimination of the “5 Axes” Model
 • Axis I - Primary mental health disorder
mental health disorder ... - Personality disorders ... developmental disorders ... Genetic loading, ... #psychiatry #model
Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings

Grading Ligament Sprains
l: Minimal ligament disruption, mild swelling & tenderness,
Clinical Findings Grading ... ligament substance leading ... LowAnkleSprain #Sports #MSK ... #orthopedics #Grading ... #Grades #Diagnosis
Pathogenesis of Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety Disorders: A maladaptive emotional state causing fear,
worry, and excessive stress, characterized by:
Pathogenesis of Anxiety ... Disorders Anxiety ... Disorders: A maladaptive ... #Disorders #Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #psychiatry
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Psychological Hypothesis
 • Cognitive behavioral model: Emotional disturbance arising from
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ... Dysregulation of anxiety ... Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ... PersonalityDisorder #Diagnosis ... #Psychiatry #Signs
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Neurochemical abnormalities
 • Hyper-vigilance
 • Emotional hyper-arousal
 • Exaggerated startle reflex
 • Anxiety
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ... startle reflex • Anxiety ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis ... symptoms #signs #psychiatry
Bipolar Disorder: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Disruption of emotional homeostasis
 • Oscillation between mood states
Bipolar Disorder ... distractibility - racing ... - Incr guilt, anxiety ... MoodDisorders #Diagnosis ... Signs #Symptoms #Psychiatry
Alcohol Use Disorder: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Tolerance (reduced sensitivity to effects of EtOH)
 •
Alcohol Use Disorder ... - Alcohol craving ... , seizure, and anxiety ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis ... Signs #Symptoms #Psychiatry
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Symptoms (included in DSM 5 criteria) - Present during
Major Depressive Disorder ... Seasonal Affective Disorder ... partum onset) - Anxiety ... MoodDisorders #Diagnosis ... Signs #Symptoms #Psychiatry
Panic Disorder: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Social Factors
 • Parenting and infant attachment
 • Childhood illness/abuse
 •
Panic Disorder: ... hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis ... heritability >> Panic Disorder ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis ... symptoms #signs #psychiatry
Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD): Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Cognitive-Perceptual
 • Magical thinking - Belief in paranormal or
Schizotypal Personality Disorder ... reference - Anxiety ... developmental disorders ... PersonalityDisorder #Diagnosis ... #Psychiatry #Criteria