65 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... failure, Addison's disease ... Granulomatous diseases ... #Causes #differential ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... long-standing secondary ... Granulomatous Disease ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... Granulomatous Disease ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... #Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia due to increased Vitamin D levels
 • The BIG 3:
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... granulomatous diseases ... #VitaminD #causes ... #differential # ... diagnosis #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hyperthyroidism • Paget's disease ... Chronic kidney disease ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... • Starvation Secondary ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Causes of Hypermagnesemia ... or enemas - Treatment ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... insufficiency (Addison's disease ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Hepatobiliary Disease ... High PTH • Secondary ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Secondary Causes ... Hypertension - Differential ... Renal Parenchymal Diseases ... Hyperthyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... #Nephrology #Differential