26 results
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
- Differential Diagnosis ... Most common symptoms ... Pregnancy - Renal ... disease - Bone ... symptoms - Pain
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
due to increased bone ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... failure, Addison's disease ... #differential #diagnosis ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
- Differential Diagnosis ... Granulomatous Disease ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
breast, lung, renal ... lung cancer • Renal ... Chronic kidney disease ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Clinical Effects of Large and Small Pituitary Tumours
Local complications - Headache, Visual field defect, Disconnection hyperprolactinaemia,
Tumours Local complications ... • Cushing's disease ... Tumors #Signs #Symptoms ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... Malnutrition • Wilson's disease ... mineralization Symptoms ... neuropathy • Renal ... : - Renal failure
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Paget’s Disease: ... Complications ... , Incr renal [Ca2 ... pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Clinical features - Classic triad (flank pain, hematuria,
(RCC) - Diagnosis ... Symptoms of metastatic ... Bone scan is indicated ... patients with bone ... Carcinoma #RCC #Diagnosis
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Cushing's Disease ... Chemotherapy • Bone ... Celiac, IBD) • Renal ... #Algorithm #endocrinology