29 results
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... Hyperthyroid, Bony ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... absorption ↑ bone ... Hypophosphatemia: ↑ bone ... Calcium #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... - Accelerated Bone ... Formation: Hungy Bone ... Diagnosis #Management #endocrinology ... #differential #
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... due to increased bone ... #Causes #differential ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Bone Tumor Location within the Skeleton

Epiphysis: 
Only a few lesions are located in the epiphysis, so
Bone Tumor Location ... included in the differential ... #Bone #Tumor #Location ... Epiphysis #Radiology #MSK ... #Differential #
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
Hypercalcemia of ... Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... resorption in the bone ... resorption in the bone ... #Differential #
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone ... Lymphomas) Metastatic Bone ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Bone Lesion on X-Ray - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Exostotic
 • Osteochondroma
Asymptomatic &/or Non-Active Bone Scam
 •
Bone Lesion on X-Ray ... - Differential ... • Giant Cell Tumor ... #Mass #Tumor #BoneLesion ... #XRay #MSK #Differential
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High PTH
LOW PTH - Hypoparathyroid
 - Congenital (Pediatric)
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Tumor lysis syndrome ... laxatives) #Hypocalcemia ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #PTH #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... D) Increased bone ... Multiple myeloma (bone ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential