33 results
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
Neoplasias (MEN syndromes ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... MultipleEndocrineNeoplasia #Differential ... #Endocrinology
Pharmacological Treatment of Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Midodrine - Alpha agonist incr blood pressure incr renal perfusion pressure
Pharmacological Treatment ... of Hepatorenal Syndrome ... vasodilatation Vasopressin ... - V1 receptor agonist ... #HepatoRenal #Syndrome
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
diabetes insipidus - Vasopressin ... -2 (V2) receptor ... antidiuresis - Increased vasopressin ... -2 (V2) receptor ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Differential
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
associated with hypokalemia ... compartment - b2-receptor ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... - Anti-EGF receptors ... #Medications #differential
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... - Differential ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... Hypertonicity • ß2-receptor ... #Differential #
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Calcium-sensing receptor-gene ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Other humoral syndromes ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... #Causes #differential ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Association class IV) Vasopressin ... (Vasopressin) ... bleeding disorders Vasopressin ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Differential Diagnosis ... Dominant Calcium Receptor ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology