35 results
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
Differential diagnosis ... syndrome (ST-HUS ... crisis • Severe B12 ... anemia" • HELLP ... #diagnosis #hematology
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
AIHA • Anemia ... • Blood smear: Differential ... FOR a cause → Systematic ... #management #treatment ... #rheumatology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... consumption • Vitamin B12 ... #Diagnosis #Hematology
Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus (SLE)
General: Fever (50%), Depression, Fatigue (75%), Weight loss (50%)
Eye: Sjögrens (15%)
Skin
Lupus (SLE) General ... Demyelinating syndromes ... ) Blood (75%): Anemia ... Thrombocytopenia #Lupus #SLE ... symptoms #diagnosis #rheumatology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Megakaryopoiesis • B12 ... Autoimmune • ITP • SLE ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Diagnosis
Manifestations:
 - Arthritis 69%
 - Malar rash 40%
 - Fever 36%
 -
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ... - Neurological 12% ... Lymphadenopathies 7% - Hemolytic ... anemia 4% - Myositis ... #rheumatology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Summary
Antinuclear (ANA) - 95% - Initial screening test
Anti-dsDNA - 50%
 • Associated
block • Sjogren syndrome ... polymyositis overlap syndrome ... severe disease Treatment ... Summary #diagnosis #rheumatology ... #management
Nail Disorders secondary to Systemic Diseases
Nail Fold Abnormality
 • SLE
 • Scleroderma
 • Dermatomyositis
Koilonychia - Spoon-shaped
Abnormality • SLE ... Iron deficiency anemia ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... #Secondary #dermatology ... #Differential #
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
Platelet Count - Differential ... blood loss, Acute hemolysis ... , deficiency anemia ... Rebound effect from treatment ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome
Causes of Anemia in Cirrhosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
LOW RETIC INDEX - ↓ PRODUCTION
 • Vitamin
in Cirrhosis - Differential ... PRODUCTION • Vitamin B12 ... Destruction: Zieve's syndrome ... anemia, Hemolysis ... #Diagnosis #Hepatology