56 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hydronephrosis • Malignant ... Stricture • Malignancy ... Hematuria: • Malignancy ... Urolithiasis • Malignancy ... #urology #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... → Refer to Nephrology ... Risk factors for malignancy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Causes of Encephalopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperacute:
 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure, Migraine, Trauma
Causes of Encephalopathy ... : Vascular (IS, ... paraneoplastic syndromes ... Endocrinopathy, Malignancy ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... • High PTHrP: Malignancy ... disease, Milk Alkali Syndrome ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... #nephrology #PTH
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
membrane, Alport syndrome ... - Physical - Malignancy ... sponge kidney - Vascular ... fistula Ureter - Malignancy ... Schistomiasis, Malignancy
Causes of Low Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis
Intrinsic Spine: Lumbar strain, Herniated nucleus pulposus, Compression fracture,
Causes of Low Back ... tissue disease, Malignancy ... Referred: • Vascular ... - abdominal aortic ... cholecystitis; • Neurologic
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... pathology • Malignancy ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Peripheral Weakness without Sensory Changes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No Objective Weakness
 • Cardio-pulmonary disease
Causes of Peripheral ... Infection • Malignancy ... Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome ... Peripheral #Weakness #Neurology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... pathology • Malignancy ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... High Aldosterone: Malignant ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology