62 results
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... Summary myelo ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... #treatment #hematology
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
DIAGNOSE AIHA • Anemia ... • Blood smear: Differential ... 2) LOOK FOR a cause ... #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #rheumatology
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Causes of Anemia ... Volume (MCV) - Differential ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... • Liver Disease ... #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Spurious:
 • Artifact (redo CBC)
Autonomous:
 • Essential thrombocytosis
 • Polycythemia
- Differential ... disorders • Celiac disease ... effect following treatment ... Iron deficiency anemia ... #Hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
chronic kidney disease ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... morphologic #mcv #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #hematology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Summary
Antinuclear (ANA) - 95% - Initial screening test
Anti-dsDNA - 50%
 • Associated
Erythematosus - Summary ... block • Sjogren syndrome ... Treatment: • ... #diagnosis #rheumatology ... #management
Causes of Pericardial Effusion - Differential Diagnosis
Infectious:
 • Viral: Enterovirus, Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus
 • Bacterial: Mycobacterium
Causes of Pericardial ... Effusion - Differential ... Non-Infectious: • Rheumatologic ... , Takayasu Disease ... • Metabolic: Uremia
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... #differential # ... diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Dyspnea - Differential ... • Stable Angina ... Acute Coronary Syndrome ... Pulmonary - Other • Anemia
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
Platelet Count - Differential ... hemolysis, deficiency anemia ... Rebound effect from treatment ... Vasculitides, IBD, Celiac disease ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome