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diagnosis differential nephrology potassium classification hypokalemia hyponatremia low pharmacology renal acidosis aniongap calculi calculus diuresis function high medications metabolic nephron
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Hypervolemia, ... #Causes #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal Excretion ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... #Renal #Excretion ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Hypokalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... Drug-induced hyperkalemia ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... ketosis with ketone excretion
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... hyponatremia - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
urinary calcium excretion ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... urinary calcium excretion ... virus or HIV/AIDS, diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
straight segments - Secretion ... organic acids and bases ... acid and most diuretics ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... in vivo) - GI bleeding ... Decreased potassium excretion ... renal potassium excretion ... #Causes #diagnosis
Causes of Hypokalemia I. Decreased intake A. Starvation B. Clay ingestion II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Na• delivery: diuretics ... , osmotic diuresis ... Increased secretion ... Classification #Causes
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