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diagnosis differential nephrology pharmacology hypomagnesemia medications acidosis actions adrenergic adrenoceptor angiotensinii aniongap bowel cardiology comparison diuresis diuretics drugs emergency headache
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... tubule (DCT) - Active ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... failure (acute and chronic ... ) Causes of Non-anion ... Chronic progressive ... ketosis with ketone excretion
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal Excretion ... Kidney stones caused ... the Nonspecific Cation ... Diuretics #Renal #Excretion ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... : • Acute or chronic ... #Causes #nephrology
Major Physiological Effects of Angiotensin II Altered Peripheral Resistance I. Direct vasoconstriction II. Enhancement of peripheral noradrenergic neurotransmission: A.
Altered Renal Function ... and increased excretion ... AngiotensinII #Pathophysiology ... #Action
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Nasogastric suction ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia Regular Rhythm: • Attempt vagal maneuvers • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
Treatment of Stable ... B-blockers with caution ... Treat underlying cause ... Treat underlying cause ... management #cardiology #algorithm
Mechanical Bowel Obstruction and Ileus - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Ileus: Functional bowel "blockage", no peristalsis Mechanical Obstruction:
Findings Ileus: Functional ... either acute or chronic ... percussion • Nausea ... obstruction #sbo #ileus #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... loss: Nasogastric suction ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Adrenoceptor Actions α1 • Vascular smooth muscle - Contraction • Genitourinary smooth muscle - Contraction • Intestinal
Adrenoceptor Actions ... cells - ↑ Renin secretion ... adrenergic #receptors #actions ... #pharmacology #pathophysiology ... #comparison #table
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