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diagnosis differential nephrology pharmacology medications classification hypomagnesemia hyponatremia acidosis actions adrenergic adrenoceptor angiotensinii aniongap antihypertensive bloodpressure bowel calculi calculus cardiology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... failure (acute and chronic ... ) Causes of Non-anion ... Renal acidosis ... Chronic progressive
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... tubule (DCT) - Active ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus AXR. KUB - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
Modalities for Renal ... obstruction - Able ... identify non-calculus causes ... detection with function ... for non-calculus causes
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
- Acute and chronic ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... : • Acute or chronic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid gland function-related ... breast, lung, renal ... lung cancer • Renal ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic
Major Physiological Effects of Angiotensin II Altered Peripheral Resistance I. Direct vasoconstriction II. Enhancement of peripheral noradrenergic neurotransmission: A.
medulla Altered Renal ... Function l. ... Increased renal ... AngiotensinII #Pathophysiology ... #Action
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Kidney stones caused ... Inhibitors of Renal ... the Nonspecific Cation ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Nasogastric suction ... (steatorrhea) Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia Regular Rhythm: • Attempt vagal maneuvers • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
Treatment of Stable ... B-blockers with caution ... Treat underlying cause ... Treat underlying cause ... management #cardiology #algorithm
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