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diagnosis differential nephrology classification high hypokalemia hyponatremia pharmacology acidosis aniongap bowel diuresis diuretics endocrinology excretion hypercalcemia ileus low medications metabolic
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
failure (acute and chronic ... Hypokalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... Chronic progressive ... Potassium-sparing
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
- Acute and chronic ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid gland function-related ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic ... #Causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... : • Acute or chronic ... renal failure Hypervolemia ... #Causes #nephrology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... Nephron #Segments #Function ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Mechanical Bowel Obstruction and Ileus - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Ileus: Functional bowel "blockage", no peristalsis Mechanical Obstruction:
Findings Ileus: Functional ... either acute or chronic ... percussion • Nausea ... obstruction #sbo #ileus #pathophysiology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
liver cirrhosis, chronic ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... cirrhosis, and chronic ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Chronic kidney disease ... Chronic kidney disease ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... Classification #Causes
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