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diagnosis differential nephrology hyponatremia pharmacology bowel calculi calculus diuresis diuretics endocrinology excretion high hypercalcemia hyperkalemia hypertension hypokalemia ileus imaging kidney
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
Classification, ... - Acute and chronic ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... : • Acute or chronic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #nephrology
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus AXR. KUB - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
Modalities for Renal ... obstruction - Able ... identify non-calculus causes ... detection with function ... for non-calculus causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid gland function-related ... breast, lung, renal ... lung cancer • Renal ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... Nephron #Segments #Function ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension 1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension Heritable gene mutations
Clinical Classification ... Chronic thromboembolic ... renal failure ... Hypertension #PHTN #Classification ... #Differential #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Kidney stones caused ... Inhibitors of Renal ... #Diuretics #Renal ... #Medications #Table
Mechanical Bowel Obstruction and Ileus - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Ileus: Functional bowel "blockage", no peristalsis Mechanical Obstruction:
Findings Ileus: Functional ... either acute or chronic ... percussion • Nausea ... obstruction #sbo #ileus #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... , nasogastric suction ... Villous adenoma Renal ... - Diuretics (carbonic ... chewing tobacco, Renal
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Chronic kidney disease ... Chronic kidney disease ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
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