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diagnosis nephrology hyperkalemia pharmacology potassium renal calculi calculus hypokalemia hypomagnesemia low medications stones acidosis aniongap calcium classification diuresis diuretics drugs
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... Nephron #Segments #Function ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... TTKG should be high ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Shock - Pathophysiology Inadequate tissue perfusion to meet O2, nutrient requirements 1. Distributive Shock 2. Hypovolemic Shock 3. Cardiogenic
Shock - Pathophysiology ... Shock #Shock #Pathophysiology ... #differential # ... diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes
Diagnosis of Hypokalemia - Differential Algorithm Categorized by Causes: Redistribution, Extrarenal Losses, Renal Losses (High and
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Categorized ... by Causes: Redistribution ... Renal Losses (High ... #Algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... decreased urinary Ca2+ excretion ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... #differential # ... diagnosis #calcium #high
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #nephrology
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus AXR. KUB - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
non-invasive - High ... obstruction - Able ... identify non-calculus causes ... detection with function ... for non-calculus causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Metabolic Acidosis Causes ... of High-anion Gap ... ketosis with ketone excretion ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
urinary calcium excretion ... urinary calcium excretion ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... Renal #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
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