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diagnosis differential pharmacology nephrology hypomagnesemia medications renal acidosis actions adrenergic adrenoceptor angiotensinii aniongap calculi calculus cardiology comparison diuresis diuretics drugs
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... tubule (DCT) - Active ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Metabolic Acidosis Causes ... of High-anion Gap ... and chronic) Causes ... ketosis with ketone excretion
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... TTKG should be high ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus AXR. KUB - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
non-invasive - High ... obstruction - Able ... identify non-calculus causes ... detection with function ... for non-calculus causes
Major Physiological Effects of Angiotensin II Altered Peripheral Resistance I. Direct vasoconstriction II. Enhancement of peripheral noradrenergic neurotransmission: A.
Altered Renal Function ... and increased excretion ... AngiotensinII #Pathophysiology ... #Action
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Nasogastric suction ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia Regular Rhythm: • Attempt vagal maneuvers • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
Treatment of Stable ... B-blockers with caution ... Treat underlying cause ... Treat underlying cause ... management #cardiology #algorithm
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal Excretion ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Kidney stones caused ... the Nonspecific Cation ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... loss: Nasogastric suction ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Adrenoceptor Actions α1 • Vascular smooth muscle - Contraction • Genitourinary smooth muscle - Contraction • Intestinal
Adrenoceptor Actions ... cells - ↑ Renin secretion ... adrenergic #receptors #actions ... #pharmacology #pathophysiology ... #comparison #table
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