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diagnosis differential pharmacology nephrology hypomagnesemia medications action actions adrenergic adrenoceptor angiotensinii calculi calculus comparison diuresis diuretics drugs hyperkalemia hypomg hyponatremia
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... Nephron #Segments #Function ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #nephrology
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus AXR. KUB - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
Modalities for Renal ... obstruction - Able ... identify non-calculus causes ... detection with function ... for non-calculus causes
Major Physiological Effects of Angiotensin II Altered Peripheral Resistance I. Direct vasoconstriction II. Enhancement of peripheral noradrenergic neurotransmission: A.
medulla Altered Renal ... Function l. ... and increased excretion ... Increased renal ... AngiotensinII #Pathophysiology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Excretion Carbonic ... Kidney stones caused ... with specific bleeding ... #Excretion #Diuresis ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Nasogastric suction ... (steatorrhea) Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... loss: Nasogastric suction ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... in vivo) - GI bleeding ... Decreased potassium excretion ... potassium excretion ... #Hyperkalemia #Causes
Adrenoceptor Actions α1 • Vascular smooth muscle - Contraction • Genitourinary smooth muscle - Contraction • Intestinal
ß-cells - ↓ Insulin secretion ... conduction velocity • Renal ... cells - ↑ Renin secretion ... #pharmacology #pathophysiology ... #comparison #table
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