Narrow pathology ct cxr

Pneumonia on Chest Xray and POCUS

Extensive pneumonia in lower left lobe (red arrow).
POCUS: Dynamic air

left lobe (red arrow ... bronchogram (green arrows ... bronchus (yellow arrow ... AirBronchogram #POCUS #CXR

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Urinary Tract Tuberculosis - Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed mild dilatation of the

computed tomography (CT ... Panels A and B, arrows ... excretory phase on CT ... Clinical #Radiology #Pathology ... #CT #Urogenital

cells (in bone marrow ... Basophils #MastCells #Pathology ... #Marrow #Smear

Estimated Medical Radiation Doses for 5 Year-Old Child

3-view ankle 0.0015 mSv 1/14th CXRs
2-view chest 0.02 mSv 1 CXRs
Anteroposterior and lateral

0.0015 mSv 1/14th CXRs ... Head CT 4 mSv ... CT 3 mSv 150 CXRs ... Abdomen CT 5 mSv ... #CT #Nuclear #Comparison

Causes of Chronic Pediatric Cough - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Poor Growth
- Non-Specific CXR

- Non-Specific CXR ... / CT Scan ... Asthma - Abnormal CXR ... / CT Scan: ... Anomaly - Normal CXR

Here are the morphological hallmarks of Rhabdomyosarcoma.

- Broken arrow sign

- tad-pole rhabdomyoblasts

- Broken arrow ... Rhabdomyosarcoma #Hallmarks #Pathology

Using Stroke Windows for Detecting Ischemia on Head CT
When evaluating a CT head for possible stroke,

Ischemia on Head CT ... When evaluating a CT ... possible stroke, narrow ... Window Width • Narrow

Common Fungal Pathology
• Candida - Small yeast intermingled with pseudohyphae
• Aspergillosis - Septate

Common Fungal Pathology ... Small yeast with narrow ... Cryptococcus neoformans - Narrow ... ucsdim #Fungal #Pathology

A red blood cell (red arrow) is seen crossing the basement membrane (blue arrow) and losing

blood cell (red arrow ... membrane (blue arrow ... formation; the yellow arrow ... acanthocyte #formation #pathology

Leukoerythroblastosis and myelophthisic anemia can be associated with any marrow-replacing process. In this case, the likely

associated with any marrow-replacing ... Leukoerythroblastosis #Hematology #Pathology

Tinea Versicolor - Physical examination revealed large, coalescing, hypopigmented patches and macules on her torso and

melanocytes (Panel B, arrows ... epidermis (Panel C, arrow ... Clinical #Derm #Pathology

COVID-19 Patient Chest CT

Dr. Filippo Cademartiri @fcademartiri

#COVID19 #SARSCoV2 #CTChest #Clinical #CriticalCare #GroundGlass #CoronaVirus #CXR #ChestXRay

Patient Chest CT ... #CoronaVirus #CXR

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$Morphology of Fungal Infections in Tissues Fungal infections with hyphae or pseudohyphae in tissues: • Yeasts with$

budding yeasts • Narrow-based ... Small yeasts with narrow ... Infections #Tissues #pathology

CT angiography chest showing #pulmonaryinfarction due to acute #pulmonaryembolism. #Hamptonhump was viewed on CXR (https://GrepMed.com/images/5576). #photo

CT angiography chest ... was viewed on CXR ... #photo #CT #Angiography

Transposition of Great Arteries (TGA) on Chest XRay
- Oval Shaped Cardiac Silhouette
- Narrow

Silhouette - Narrow ... GreatArteries #TGA #CXR

Peripheral blood findings in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. DIC is a clinical and laboratory diagnosis, not

spherocytes (blue arrow ... schistocytes (red arrow ... polychromatophilic cells (black arrow ... anemia #Hematology #Pathology

The mediastinum can be divided into an anterior, middle and posterior compartment, each with it's own

with it's own pathology ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

Evolution of stroke on CT and MRI.

Day 1: NCHCT demonstrates obscure left insular cortex. No

Evolution of stroke on CT ... infarction (open arrow ... ischemic penumbra (arrow ... and left insula (arrow ... and DWI (open arrow

Progression of Imaging Findings in Acute Stroke - Timeline
Onset → Hours → Days → Weeks →

Weeks → Months • Pathology ... • Non-Enhanced CT

Borrelia recurrentis Infection - Spirochetes were visible (arrows), a finding that suggested louseborne relapsing fever #Clinical

were visible (arrows ... fever #Clinical #Pathology

Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis and Management Summary
Clinical Signs:
• hyperCalcemia 28% (bone demineralization)
• Renal disease 48%

Anemia 78% (bone marrow ... osteolytic lesions and pathologic ... - Clonal bone marrow ... clonal cell in bone marrow

Morphology and Descriptions of Endemic Fungal Infections with Yeasts in Tissues
Broad-based budding yeasts:
• Description: Broad-based

histologically Narrow-based ... • Description: Narrow-based ... Small yeasts with narrow ... in size) with narrow ... morphology #yeasts #pathology

The PA-film shows a silhouette sign of the left heart border.
Even without looking at the lateral

know, that the pathology ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

The retracted visceral pleura is seen (blue arrow) which indicates that there is a pneumothorax.
There is

is seen (blue arrow ... visible (yellow arrow ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

Chronic Cough - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red Flags:
• Fever, night sweats, chills (infection)
• Weight loss,

) • Abnormal CXR ... refer + order CT

Emphysematous Prostatitis - Radiography of the kidney, ureter, and bladder showed an atypical focus of gas

ramus (Panel A, arrows ... computed tomography (CT ... Clinical #Radiology #CT

Causes of Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Massive Hemoptysis (>I00 mL in 24 hours)
• Malignancy
•

Malformation Normal CXR ... /CT • Hematemesis ... Bronchitis Diffuse CT

Effective radiation dose in adults - Following are comparisons of effective radiation dose in adults with

Imaging #ChestXRay #CXR ... #CT #Nuclear #Comparison

X-ray limitations
It’s important to know the limitations of X-rays so we can correctly interpret them in

UltraSound (POCUS) to CT ... ChestXRay #KUB #CXR

Radiation Dose to Adults from Common Imaging Examinations
ABDOMINAL REGION
- Computed Tomography (CT) — Abdomen and

Computed Tomography (CT ... Computed Tomography (CT ... Computed Tomography (CT ... Tomography (PET/CT ... Imaging #ChestXRay #CXR

Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Tumours
- See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
-

Pathologic / Fragility ... Disease • Bone Marrow ... Fragility #Fractures #Pathologic

Management Algorithm for Confusion
- Substrate verification, glucose, oxygen checks
- Toxidrome present
- Focal findings on neurologic examination
-

electrolytes, CXR ... include cranial CT

Nontuberculous mycobacteria
Nontuberculous mycobacteria, also known as atypical mycobacteria, are all the other mycobacteria which can cause

within the cavity (arrow ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

Pudendal Neuralgia
• Pudendal nerve arises from S2-S4 roots and innervates perineal structures
• Nerve is prone to

ligaments (green arrow ... canal (yellow arrow ... women cyclists • CT-guidance

Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection - Physical examination revealed reticulated purpuric patches with dusky centers on the abdomen,

larvae (Panel B, arrow ... Clinical #Derm #Pathology

Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):

• Labs: CBC, cr ... , anti-CCP • CXR ... resolution chest CT

Salmonella enterica Aortitis - chest radiograph showed enlargement of the aortic arch, with deviation of the

side (Panel A, arrow ... Panels B and C, arrows ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR ... #CT #Salmonella

histologically Narrow-based ... • Description: Narrow-based ... Small yeasts with narrow ... in size) with narrow ... diagnosis #morphology #pathology

Lobar pneumonia
On the chest x-ray there is an ill-defined area of increased density in the right

air-bronchogram (arrow ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

There is a hydropneumothorax.
Notice the air-fluid level (blue arrow).
The upper lobe is still attached to the

air-fluid level (blue arrow ... upper lobe (red arrow ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

Cardiac incisura
Click image to enlarge.
On the right side of the chest the lung will lie against

be mistaken for pathology ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

$Flail Chest Breathing on Physical Exam 74 year-old male, fallen over in the garden. Four rib fractures.$

fractures missed by CXR ... , so use CT to identify

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Septic emboli
Septic emboli usually present as multiple ill-defined nodules.
In about 50% cavitation is seen.
CT demonstrates more

CT demonstrates ... On the CT cavitation ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

Histologic Features and Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is a potentially progressive type of nonalcoholic

ballooned hepatocytes (arrows ... #Pathology #Epidemiology

$Flail Chest Breathing on Physical Exam 74 year-old male, fallen over in the garden. Four rib fractures.$

fractures missed by CXR ... , so use CT to identify

►

Salmonella Aspiration on Microscopy

66 y/o male with history of coronary artery disease presents with abdominal pain.

CT abd/pelvis shows ... Microscopy #clinical #pathology

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Lymphadenitis:

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection rare in the US, but endemic in

Yeast forms (arrows ... Lymphadenitis #Pathology

Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
- Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose

Renal Calculus AXR ... Non-contrast CT ... retroperitoneal disease CT-KUB ... lower dose than a CT-based

Miliary Pattern - Chest Radiology
• Miliary opacities are scattered, small (1 -4 mm) nodules
•

diagnosis #pulmonary #CXR ... #clinical #CT

Pulmonary Infections in HIV-AIDS
Bacterial:
• No organism identified, Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S.aureus, Streptococcus Grp

Evaluation: Imaging (CXR ... +/- High res CT ... Blood and sputum cx

On the left another patient with a large cardiac silhouette on the chest x-ray due to

on the coronal CT-reconstruction ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

$Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the$

Stork test) • XR ... vertebrae • CT

Here another patient with free abdominal air.
Notice the very thin regular line which is the diaphragm

the diaphragm (arrow ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

Radiologists use many terms to describe areas of decreased density or lucencies within the lung, like

figger out what the pathology ... visible wall #CXR

Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook

Acute Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Nerve (CN7) Palsy
Presentation:

ear/skull base pathology ... CN7, parotid), CT ... /temporal bone pathology

COVID-19 - A Seattle Intensivist's One-Page Cheat-Sheet on COVID-19 v2.7 Updated March 26 2020

(v2.7) incorporating newer

influenza) • CFR ... symptoms Imaging • CXR ... opacities • CT

Mucoid impaction
Mucus plugs or mucoid impaction can mimick the appearance of lung nodules or a mass.
Sometimes

CT demonstrated ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

Whenever you see an area of increased density within the lung, it must be the result

Consolidation - any pathologic ... Diagnosis #Radiology #CXR

Streptocccus Pneumoniae
Microbiology: Gram Positive, Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative
Epidemiology - 10% adult carriers:
• Most common cause of:

Physical Exam, CXR ... , ENT exam, CT sinus

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to

be detected on CT ... or CXR ● PaO2/

Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear

smear or on bone marrow ... Blood and Bone marrow ... manifestations, hypoxia, CXR ... peripheral blood, bone marrow

Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
- Typically from TB endemic areas
-

tissue damage - CXR ... involvement - CT

Progressive Massive Fibrosis aka Complicated Silicosis.
Silicosis is a fibrotic lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline

Calcification (seen in CT ... clinical #radiology #CXR

Hodgkin's Lymphoma Overview

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon hematological malignancy arising from mature B cells. It

Mediastinal mass) • CT ... • Routine bone marrow ... physical exam, CT ... cycles without XR ... ABVD x 2 cycles + XR

Large Hiatal Hernia - A chest radiograph showed a large air–liquid shadow in the inferior retrocardiac

Panels A and B, arrows ... Panels C and D, red arrows ... Panel D, white arrow ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR ... #CT #HiatalHernia

Chronic Pancreatitis

Definition: A pathologic fibroinflammatory syndrome of the pancreas in individuals with genetic, environmental, and/or other

Definition: A pathologic ... develop persistent pathologic ... • 1st line: CT

Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
• Usually middle-aged diabetic women
• Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,

, specifically CT ... antibiotics early, may narrow

Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,

mottled extremities, narrow ... → no signs of CXR

The contours of the left and right diaphragm should be visible.
The right diaphragm should be visible

chest wall (red arrow ... the heart (blue arrow ... Anatomy #Radiology #CXR

Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
• Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a

Blood cultures • CXR ... early disease) • CXR ... seen • Chest CT

Coccidiomycosis - Diagnosis
Diagnosis:
• Mildly elevated peripheral WBC, Eosinophilia (25%), Elevated ESR, Procalcitonin normal (95%)
•

normal (95%) • CXR ... pericardium, bone marrow

Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies
C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN
R

Renal disease - Cr ... • Clonal bone marrow

On the PET-CT there is both a tumor in the left lung, aswell as in the

On the PET-CT there ... indicated by the arrow ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

Pericarditis - Definition and Diagnostic Criteria
Acute Pericarditis
• Inflammatory pericardial syndrome to be diagnosed with

imaging technique (CT ... CMR).

PA view
On the PA chest-film it is important to examine all the areas where the lung

line or recess (arrow ... Anatomy #Radiology #CXR

Venn Diagram - Does this patient have pneumonia?
Diagnosis is generally based on three lines of evidence:

infiltrate (e.g., CXR ... , CT, ultrasound

Cryptococcosis - Cryptococcus Neoformans - Fungal Pathology

Narrow- budding yeast with mucicarmine positive capsules — cryptococcus

Neoformans - Fungal Pathology ... Narrow- budding ... Neoformans #Fungal #Pathology

Echinococcal Cysts in the Liver- The physical examination revealed hepatomegaly with a palpable hepatic mass. Laboratory

membranes (black arrows ... vesicles (white arrows ... hepatic #radiology #CT

A common finding in atelectasis of the right upper lobe is 'tenting' of the diafphragm (blue

diafphragm (blue arrow ... both lungs (red arrows ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

Histoplasmosis - Histoplasma capsulatum - Fungal Pathology

Small yeast with narrow based budding. Can be grouped

capsulatum - Fungal Pathology ... Small yeast with narrow ... capsulatum #Fungal #Pathology

Pleural effusion is not always visible as a meniscus in the costophrenic angle.
A subpulmonic effusion

on both sides (arrow ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

Visceral Leishmaniasis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Species: Leishmania donovani, Leishmania infantum, Leishmania chagasi
Where: South Asia, East

Bilirubin, ↑BUN/Cr ... Diagnosis: Bone marrow

$Prior anterior glenohumeral joint dislocation with Hill-Sachs fracture and Perthes lesion Imaging Findings: • The arrow is$

Findings: • The arrow ... glenoid (solid arrows ... anteroinferior glenoid pathology

Stage I - Redistribution
In a normal chest film with the patient standing erect, the pulmonary vessels

vascular pedicle (red arrows ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

Radiation Injury
Acute Radiation Toxicity primarily affects rapidly dividing cells based on dosage
Hematopoiteic - Pancytopenia, Infection
•

1 Gy = ~10,000 CXRs ... capable of bone marrow

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) Monitoring
• Initial / ED Visit: HIV Ab/Ag, Hep B serologies, HCV Ab,

, ALT/AST, BUN/Cr ... , GC/CT, Treponemal ... , ALT/AST, BUN/Cr ... , GC/CT, Treponemal

Myasthenia Gravis Overview

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction. Ab to

/Cranial nerve pathology ... Imaging - CT Chest

Additional Modalities for Workup of GI Bleed (Other than EGD + Colonoscopy)

Pill endoscopy
• Able to

Triple-phase CT ... or nephropathy CT ... unable to identify pathology

Splenosis Mimicking Cancer - radiograph of the chest showed nodularity along the left hemidiaphragm (Panel A,

hemidiaphragm (Panel A, arrows ... side (Panel B, arrows ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR ... #CT #Splenosis

Focal Periphyseal Edema (FOPE lesion) - MSK Radiology
Imaging Findings:
• Arrows identifying the characteristic edema-like signal

Imaging Findings: • Arrows ... - Pathologic

Broncholithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

• Also known as: Lung stones, pulmoliths, pneumoliths, bronchial calculi
•

bronchus • Chest CT ... to inflamed and narrowed

Pericardial Lipoma on Chest XRay and CT

Dr. Jacobo Kirsch @kirschj

#Pericardial #Lipoma #ChestCT #ChestXRay #CXR #Lateral #CXR

Chest XRay and CT ... ChestCT #ChestXRay #CXR ... #Lateral #CXR #

Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning

Physical stigmata of cor ... high-resolution chest CT

$When a rib fracture heals, the callus formation may create a mass-like appearance (blue arrow). Sometimes a$

appearance (blue arrow ... Sometimes a CT is ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections

Mycobacterial species other than those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and

) - Bone Marrow ... Imaging, high res CT

Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) - Diagnosis and Management

Pneumonia Signs/Symptoms:
• Confusion/disorientation (LR + 1.9)
• Cough

radiograph or CT ... Yield of blood CX

Eggshell Calcifications of the Bladder - Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis without the administration

Panel A, white arrow ... and C, yellow arrows ... Urology #Radiology #CT

Perirenal Extramedullary Hematopoiesis - Magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen, performed without the administration of contrast

space (Panel A, arrows ... , blue and red arrows ... Panel B, yellow arrow ... cilnical #Radiology #Pathology

First study the CXR.
Notice the subtle increased density in the area behind the heart that needs

First study the CXR ... attention (blue arrow ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

$EKG with Cerebral T Waves in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ECG of a 45-year-old man who suddenly collapsed to$

after 2 rounds of CPR ... CT scan confirmed

Sand Storm Sign on Chest CT
• Diffusely dense pulmonary micronodular calcifications. Note the black pleural

Sign on Chest CT ... pleural line sign (arrow ... SandStorm #Sign #CT

The CT-images demonstrate the atelectasis of the left upper lobe (blue arrow).
There is a centrally located

The CT-images demonstrate ... upper lobe (blue arrow ... bronchus (red arrow

Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection- Ultrasonographic images showed ventricular dilatation in the fetal brain, and T2-weighted magnetic resonance

calcifications (Panel B, arrows ... radiology #MRI #CT

Lung infarction
In pulmonar embolism it is not common to see consolidation.
The consolidation is a result of

the chest film (arrow ... On the CT we can ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

selectively indicated by arrows ... #Clinical #Pathology

Right upper lobe atelectasis
Findings:
1) triangular density
2) elevated right hilus
3) obliteration of the retrosternal clear space (arrow)

retrosternal clear space (arrow ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

Glucagonoma-Associated Rash - The rash involved the arms, genitals, and buttocks and had progressed to the

head (Panel B, arrow ... Clinical #HONC #Derm #Pathology ... Rash #Microscopy #CT

Megaloblastic neutrophils in bone marrow.

So-called "giant bands" and "giant metamyelocytes" (blue circles) are 1.5-2 times the

neutrophils in bone marrow ... Smear #Hematology #Pathology

This image shows a glomerular tuft with overall intact architecture. Discrete masses of specular amyloid (long

amyloid (long arrows ... capillary loop (short arrows ... clinical #nephrology #pathology

►

A case of mycosis fungoides in a 50 yo male. Presents as cutaneous patches and can

Bone marrow and ... mycosis #fungoides #Pathology

Disseminated Blastomycosis - Computed tomography (CT) of his chest showed an infiltrate in the right upper

Computed tomography (CT ... InfectiousDisease #Pathology ... Blastomycosis #CT

Osteopetrosis - Computed tomography revealed diffusely thickened bones of the skull (Panel A, arrows). A radiograph

skull (Panel A, arrows ... bands (Panel B, arrows ... Osteopetrosis #CT

Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed air in multiple small cysts within the wall of

Computed tomography (CT ... of the colon (arrows ... #Radiology #CT #

Lateral view
On a normal lateral view the contours of the heart are visible and the IVC

lung tissue (red arrow ... carefully for pathology ... Anatomy #Radiology #CXR

How much radiation is used in paediatric radiology examinations compared to other exposures?

Estimated dose - Days

mSv 1 day Head CT ... months Chest CT ... months Abdominal CT ... mSv 4-11 years CT ... Imaging #ChestXRay #CXR

Eagle’s Syndrome - Computed tomography revealed two elongated styloid processes with ossification of the stylohyoid ligaments

ligaments (Panel A, arrows ... visualized (Panel B, arrow ... ENT #Radiology #CT

Here another chest x-ray with interstitial edema and Kerley B lines in a patient with congestive

The CT shows the ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

Stage III - Alveolar edema
This stage is characterized by continued fluid leakage into the interstitium, which

bronchograms (yellow arrows ... pleural fluid (blue arrow ... vascular pedicle (red arrow ... cardiac silhouette (arrow ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR

Gastrointestinal Complication of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis - CTA was highly suggestive of bowel ischemia with wall

Panel A, white arrow ... edema (orange arrow ... and pelvis (red arrow ... GI #Radiology #CT

Mediastinal lines
Mediastinal lines or stripes are interfaces between the soft tissue of mediastinal structures and the

finding mediastinal pathology ... Anatomy #Radiology #CXR

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