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Causes
of ST Elevation ... in
ECG
#STElevation ... #STEMI #
ECG
#
EKG
... Electrocardiogram #
Causes
... #
Differential
#
Irregular rhythm
table
... Diagnosis #Cardiology #
EKG
... #
ECG
#WideComplex ... Tachycardia #Irregular #
Table
... #Comparison #
Differential
Hypercalcemia -
EKG
... Findings
Causes
... Hypercalcemia #
EKG
... #
ECG
#Electrocardiogram ... #
Differential
#
interval - Only
works
... Bazett's Formula:
QTc
... #
QTc
#Interval ... cardiology #diagnosis #
ecg
... #
ekg
#electrocardiogram
Electrocardiogram (
EKG
... Digoxin effect on
ECG
... waves - Short
QT
... Electrocardiogram #
EKG
... Cardiology #Digitalis #
ECG
Tachycardia -
ECG
... diagnosis #cardiology #
ekg
... #
ecg
#electrocardiogram ... #definition #
differential
... #
causes
syncope Tests:
ECG
... , Carotid U/S,
EEG
... Syncope #diagnosis #
workup
... Effectiveness #
table
blockers which
cause
... QRS #widening #
ECG
... #
EKG
#Pharmacology ... Toxicology #Diagnosis #
Differential
... #Drugs #
Classes
repolarization
causes
... prolonged PR and
QT
... #Hyperkalemia #
EKG
... #
ECG
#Changes # ... Progression #
Table
Causes
of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO
cause
... Drugs (antibiotics
e.g
... Nodosum #Mnemonic #
Causes
... #
Differential
#
- Malignancy (
e.g
... CNS pathology (
e.g
... Pulmonary pathology (
e.g
... #Diagnosis #
Table
... #
Causes
#Sodium
Wave Inversions -
Differential
... TWaveInversions #TWI #
Differential
... #Diagnosis #
Causes
... #Cardiology #
ECG
... #
EKG
#Electrocardiogram
wave inversion
causes
... Cardiology #MedStudent #
EKG
... #
Differential
#
Approach to
ECGs
... • ↑ Ca - short
QT
... Syncope #Syndromes #
ECG
... #
EKG
#Checklist ... electrocardiogram #
differential
Causes
of Splenomegaly ... -
Differential
... • Thrombus (
e.g
... Myeloproliferative disorders (
eg
... Spleen #Enlarged #
Differential
Lead AVR on
ECG
... aVR • Classic
EKG
... widened QRS and
QTc
... #AVR #leadAVR #
ecg
... electrocardiogram #diagnosis #
ekg
Diagnosis and
Causes
... Paraclinical assessment:
EKG
... pericarditis • Rule out
differential
... #Myocarditis #
differential
... #Diagnosis #
Causes
Infiltrative disorders (
e.g
... - Medications (
e.g
... renal diseases (
e.g
... #Diagnosis #
Table
... #
Causes
Reflex Testing -
Causes
... Deep coma (any
cause
... polyneuropathy (
e.g
... #
differential
# ... diagnosis #
table
Diagnosis and
Workup
... life-threatening
causes
... rupture Initial
workup
... : •
EKG
• Bedside ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
workup
Platelet Disorders -
Differential
... Diagnosis and
Workup
... function test, ANA (
e.g
... Platelet #Disorders #
Differential
... #
Workup
#hematology
Causes
of Thrombocytopenia ... -
Differential
... Toxic Damage (
e.g
... Displacement (
e.g
... Foreign Surface (
e.g
without biopsy)
e.g
... and/or cytology (
e.g
... of alternative
causes
... Algorithm #diagnosis #
Workup
Volume (MCV) -
Differential
... Iron Deficiency (
Eg
... Other •
e.g
... HgbE, HgbC,
etc
. ... #elevatedMCV #
Differential
Differential
Diagnosis ... , no extensive
workup
... EtOH - Infectious
workup
... blood cultures -
ECG
... #Hypoglycemia #
Differential
Approach to
ECGs
... 200ms from longer
pause
... bradyarrhythmia #
ECG
... #
EKG
#diagnosis ... electrocardiogram #cardiology #
differential
Sleep Deprivation (
Eg
... Shift
Work
) Sleep ... Neurologic Disorders (
Eg
... • Medications (
Eg
... • Drug Abuse (
Eg
Common
causes
of ... Kidney Injury AKI -
Differential
... vasoconstriction (
e.g
... disease or drugs
e.g
... AIN) • Drugs (
e.g
Shock -
Differential
... Medication side effect (
e.g
... Medication side effect (
e.g
... Classification #
Table
... #
Causes
IV Mg infusion (
e.g
... Hypermagnesemia #
Differential
... High #Magnesium #
Table
... #
Causes
#Management
Causes
of Constipation ... -
Differential
... Calcium supplements,
etc
... disease, Anal pain (
e.g
... #Diagnosis #
Causes
cardiac syncope,
e.g
... frequently benign
causes
... syncope (ruling out
differential
... and an initial
ECG
... depends on the
cause
dialysis indication (
e.g
... Nephrotoxic drugs (
e.g
... are
caused
by prerenal ... CONSIDER INTRINSIC
CAUSES
... KidneyInjury #simplified #
workup
to Diarrhea -
Differential
... Diagnosis and
Workup
... Necrosis • Toxic (
e.g
... #Diarrhea #
Differential
Surgical devices,
e.g
... Sepsis (→ 3-14)
e.g
... malignant syndrome (
e.g
... #Hyperthermia #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Causes
of Post-Partum ... Hemorrhage -
Differential
... Uterine fatigue (
e.g
... Hemorrhage #PPH #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Hypernatremia ... -
Differential
... Polyuria scheme)
e.g
... Hypernatremia #Nephrology #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
contraceptives (
e.g
... breakthrough bleeding,
etc
... continuous use (
e.g
... changing the COC (
e.g
... medications #obgyn #
table
Hyperthyroidism -
Differential
... Diagnosis and
Workup
... Hyperthyroidism (↑↑↑ ß-
hCG
... Thyroiditis, Iodine (
e.g
... Hyperthyroidism #
Differential
Short Stature -
Differential
... Dysplasias • (
e.g
... • CNS Tumors (
e.g
... #ShortStature #
Differential
... endocrinology #
causes
Definitions -
Stable
... NSTEMI, STEMI 1
STABLE
... thrombus formation
causes
... is reflected by
ECG
... Text: The Only
EKG
Vasopressors
Table
... Resistance, Main
Uses
... /
kg
/min - Milrinone ... /
kg
/min Internet ... Vasopressors #Properties #
Table
and
Differential
... risk factors (
eg
... hypertension (
eg
... hypertension (
eg
... #
causes
#
Differential
- CBC with
differential
... Relevant drug levels (
e.g
... tox/infectious
workup
... rigidity) Consider
EEG
... Delirium #Evaluation #
Workup
• Bacterial (
e.g
... • Parasitic (
e.g
... • Bacterial (
e.g
... • Parasitic (
e.g
... histolytjca)
Nausea
Causes
of Fever ... Origin (FUO) -
Differential
... Infected thrombosis, (
e.g
... Inflammatory Diseases (
e.g
... #Origin #FUO #
Differential
hypereosinophilia (HE)
Caused
... cytokines Common
causes
... disease Rare
causes
... Lymphoid variant (
e.g
... hypereosinophilia #HE #
Differential
evaluation or
workup
... 1,500 cells/µL
Workup
... for secondary
causes
... signs or symptoms (
eg
... Disorders #Algorithm #
Differential
Known to Prolong
QTc
... pseudoephedrine #
QTc
... #Medications #
Causes
... #
differential
# ... #pharmacology #
table
Pituitary Mass -
Differential
... Physiological (
e.g
... Compensation (
e.g
... • Stimulatory (
e.g
... endocrinology #
causes
(Many
causes
!) ... * (most common
cause
... • Infection (
e.g
... Brain lesions (
e.g
... diagnosis #neurology #
differential
(usually IgG) (
e.g
... (usually IgM) (
e.g
... deficiencies (
e.g
... Membrane defects (
e.g
... #
differential
#
Differential
Diagnosis ... (
e.g
. heparin contamination ... inhibitory drugs (
e.g
... specific inhibitor (
e.g
... #diagnosis #
differential
Constipation -
Differential
... Active Medications (
e.g
... Cation Related (
e.g
... Anticholinergic (
e.g
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Mouth Disorders -
Differential
... • Gum Disease (
e.g
... Inflamed Papillae (
e.g
... Oral #Disorders #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Peripheral ... Edema -
Differential
... Medication side effect (
e.g
... • Filariasis (
e.g
... Peripheral #Edema #
Differential
Causes
of Hypercalcemia ... -
Differential
... Granulomatous Disorders (
eg
... Hypercalcemia #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Abdominal Pain -
Differential
... , gynecologic,
etc
... extra-abdominal
causes
... abdominal pain (
Table
... #Localization #
Causes
Causes
of Neutrophilia ... Neutrophils -
Differential
... Solid Tumour (
e.g
... #Neutrophils #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Developmental ... Delay -
Differential
... Teratogenic Disorder (
e.g
... • Mechanical (
e.g
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Primary ... Amenorrhea -
Differential
... Gonadal Dysgenesis (
e.g
... Gonadal Dysgenesis (
e.g
... • Functional (
e.g
Liver Mass -
Differential
... • Metastases (
e.g
... Mass #Hepatology #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
pressure as a
cause
... and positioning (
e.g
... (
eg
steroid dependency ... #Hypotension #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Respiratory Failure -
Differential
... High altitude (
eg
... Intrapulmonary shunting (
eg
... intracardiac shunting (
eg
... Failure #hypoxia #
Differential
Back Pain -
Differential
... spondyloarthritis (
e.g
... spondyloarthritis (
e.g
... #Diagnosis #
causes
... #primarycare #
table
Inflammatory Joint Pain -
Differential
... • Reactive (
e.g
... Enteropathic (
e.g
... Enteropathic (
e.g
... #Orthopedics #
Causes
Lipid Profiles -
Differential
... - Secondary
Causes
... HDL - Genetic
Causes
... Increased Estrogen (
e.g
... LipidProfiles #
Differential
WOBBLER for
ECG
... syncope, can be
caused
... characteristically
cause
... Mnemonic #Syncope #
EKG
... #
ECG
#Diagnosis
Pathophysiology and
Differential
... - Congenital (
e.g
... HHT), Acquired (
e.g
... Pathophysiology #
Differential
... Diagnosis #cardiology #
causes
Vascular Joint Pain -
Differential
... Septic Embolism (
e.g
... Fat Embolism (
e.g
... Mycotic Aneurysm (
e.g
... #Orthopedics #
Causes
Causes
of Secondary ... <35 years old,
e.g
... • Functional (
e.g
... Infiltrative lesions (
e.g
... Stalk Damage (
e.g
The most common
causes
... more than one
cause
... (
e.g
. cirrhosis ... carcinomatosis, HF,
etc
... Jcortesizaguirr #Ascites #
workup
Pulmonary Embolism on
ECG
... Triage
EKG
(no prior ...
Differential
/diagnosis ... Pulmonary #Embolism #
ECG
... #
EKG
#Electrocardiogram
and Esophageal
Causes
... of Dysphagia -
Differential
... Non-relaxation of
EG
... junction: Achalasia,
EG
... Esophageal #Dysphagia #
Differential
Causes
of Thrombocytosis ... -
Differential
... inflammatory disorders (
e.g
... Thrombocytosis #
Differential
... #Diagnosis #
Causes
Causes
of Pediatric ... Constipation -
Differential
... Withholding • Painful (
e.g
... #Constipation #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Hypoglycemia -
Differential
... • Medications (
e.g
... • Alimentary (
e.g
... Critical Illness (
e.g
... Hyperinsulinemic States (
e.g
uptake and storage (
eg
... miscellaneous
causes
... (
eg
, spirochetal ... #unconjugated #
differential
... #
causes
Causes
of Bleeding ... / Bruising -
Differential
... Rare • Drugs (
e.g
... Bleeding #Bruising #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Nonspecific inhibitors
e.g
... to one factor
e.g
...
e.g
. heparin ... inhibitory drugs
e.g
... #diagnosis #
differential
Guidelines for
Crises
... trolley and 12-lead
ECG
... CM5 continuous
ECG
... Obtain a 12-lead
ECG
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
prior resistance.
e.g
... ESBL, KPC, VRE.
etc
... pharmacology #
table
Breast Discharge -
Differential
... Failure • Stress (
e.g
... Breast #Discharge #
Differential
... Endocrinology #
Causes
Causes
of Anemia ... Volume (MCV) -
Differential
... Chronic Disease (
e.g
... Classification #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
in Anaesthesia
Caused
... or iatrogenic
causes
... ,
e.g
. central line ... pericardiocentesis kit (
eg
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Causes
of Abnormal ... Genital Bleeding -
Differential
... : • Medical (
e.g
... Pelvic #Bleeding #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Treatment of
Stable
... Control rate (
e.g
... Treat underlying
cause
... Control rate (
e.g
... Treat underlying
cause
How do you
work
... Evaluate underlying
cause
... Cardioembolic: •
ECG
... Ruled out other
causes
... #CVA #stroke #
workup
Causes
of Growth ... Gestational Age -
Differential
... co-morbidities (
e.g
... Genetic disorder (
e.g
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Differential
Diagnosis ... Parasitic infection (
e.g
... EricsMedicalLectures/ #Wheezing #
Differential
... #Diagnosis #
Causes
joint trauma (
e.g
... subchondral bone (
e.g
... derangements (
e.g
... rheumatology #approach #
workup
... #
differential
#
stagnant hypoxia (
e.g
... carrying capacity (
e.g
... abnormal hemoglobin (
e.g
... cannot use oxygen (
e.g
... #diagnosis #
causes
(<72 hours) -
Differential
... musculoskeletal
causes
... genitourinary
causes
... Metabolic disease (
e.g
... Abdominal #Pain #
Differential
respiratory tract (
e.g
... has potential to
cause
... •
Workup
• General ... Management #treatment #
workup
Hyperglycemia -
Differential
... Hyperglycemia (
e.g
... #HighGlucose #
Differential
... endocrinology #
causes
Causes
of Congenital ... Anomalies -
Differential
... normal tissue (
e.g
... • Association (
e.g
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Summary
table
of ... trauma to breast
e.g
... mastitis • Usually
caused
... diseases #benign #
differential
... #
table
Causes
of Secondary ... Hypertension -
Differential
... #Hypertension #
Differential
... #Screening #
Workup
... #
table
Causes
of Proteinuria ... -
Differential
... Protein deposition (
eg
... Proteinuria #Nephrology #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Iron Deficiency ... Diet: ↓ Intake,
e.g
... Iron #Deficiency #
Causes
... #
differential
#
Jaundice -
Differential
... Sepsis • Drugs (
e.g
... #Jaundice #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Hepatic congestion (
e.g
... #RUQ #Pain #
differential
... #diagnosis #
causes
Incontinence -
Differential
... • Age-Related (
e.g
... • Neuropathy (
e.g
... Tumors/Trauma (
e.g
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
should identify any
cause
... surgery related
cause
... blood gas, 12-lead
ECG
... Airway #Pressure #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
to HDS, drugs,
OTC
... of information (
e.g
... medications, Hidden
OTC
... for alternative
causes
... vascular disorder (
e.g
Causes
of Tremors ... Movement Disorders -
Differential
... Cerebellar Disease (
e.g
... MovementDisorders #Neurology #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Hypomagnesemia #
Differential
... Low #Magnesium #
Table
... Classification #
Causes
... #
Workup
#hypomg
Pupillary Defects -
Differential
... Pharmacologic (
e.g
... Pupils #Defects #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Localized ... Lymphadenopathy -
Differential
... • Infection (
e.g
... Lymphadenopathy #LAD #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Fatigue ... -
Differential
... • Drug Abuse (
e.g
... Chronic #Fatigue #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
causes
arrhythmia syndromes (
e.g
... ., long
QT
syndrome ... heart disease
Causes
... 300 = NSVT
EKG
... may not occur
Differential
the potential
causes
... Demyelinating disease (
eg
... MAGICDR #DRMAGIC #
Differential
Dysfunction -
Differential
... Sympathomimetic Drugs (
e.g
... Interpersonal Issues (
e.g
... psycho-social trauma '(
e.g
... endocrinology #
causes
comorbidities, travel,
etc
... specific food (
e.g
... Current or previous
work
... daycare, hunting,
etc
... , rural/urban,
etc
Causes
of Anemia ... Volume (MCV) -
Differential
... • Secondary (
e.g
... Normocytic #Anemia #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
metastases, Infection (
e.g
... uropathy, Metabolic
causes
... (
e.g
., hypokalemia ... disease, Drugs (
e.g
... Nephrology #Diagnosis #
Differential
• They must be
able
... production to
cause
... arrythmias Diagnostics:
EKG
Fragility Fractures -
Differential
... Malignancy • Drugs (
e.g
... Pathologic #MSK #
Differential
... #Orthopedics #
Causes
Causes
of Polyuria ... -
Differential
... SGLT2 inhibitors (
e.g
... #Polyuria #
Differential
... #Diagnosis #
Causes
is not desired (
e.g
... is not desired (
e.g
... Bradyarrhythmias, Some
cases
... Inotropes #comparison #
table
Urine Microscopy -
Casts
... Acellular
Casts
... • Hyaline
Casts
... colored compounds (
e.g
... heme, bilirubin,
etc
for Three Common
Causes
... when possible (
eg
... dysrhythmias (
eg
... Ameliorate increased
work
... reverse the insult (
eg
Causes
of Anemia ... Volume (MCV) -
Differential
... Increased Requirement (
e.g
... #elevatedMCV #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Polyuria ... -
Differential
... concentration (
e.g
... Polyuria #Nephrology #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
arrest where other
causes
... as a possible
cause
... alternate vasopressor (
e.g
... as patient is
stable
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Hyperamylasemia)-
Differential
... Algorithm Pancreatic
causes
... pancreatitis:
eg
... Non-pancreatic
causes
... Hyperamylasemia #
Differential
Causes
of Fever ... Origin (FUO) -
Differential
... • Protozoa (
eg
... #FUO #Chronic #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
causes
Lung Nodule -
Differential
... Benign Neoplasm (
eg
... cannonball lesions";
Eg
... #Lung #Nodule #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
side effects (
e.g
... It also can
cause
... hypoglycemia),
QTc
... concomitant use of
QTc
... prolonging drugs (
e.g
Causes
of Fat Malabsorption ... -
Differential
... Cholestatic drugs-
e.g
... Malabsorption #
Differential
... #Diagnosis #
Causes
Chemotherapy (
e.g
... Post-splenectomy,
Etc
... Liver disease,
Etc
... valve induced,
Etc
... RBC #Morphology #
differential
Lactic Acidosis -
Differential
... by excretion (
e.g
... its metabolism (
e.g
... hypoxemia/Sepsis
etc
... Acidosis #Elevation #
Differential
The probable
cause
... and treat the
cause
... • Check
ECG
rhythm ... CardiacArrest #Checklist #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Causes
of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (
e.g
... Hypercalcemia #
Causes
... #
Differential
#
►
Causes
of ST Segment ... Elevation -
Differential
... voltage Other
Causes
... diagnosis #cardiology #
ecg
... #
ekg
#electrocardiogram
Causes
of Copper ... Deficiency -
Differential
... zinc ingestion (
e.g
... Copper #Deficiency #
Differential
Chronic Joint Pain -
Differential
... • Fascitis (
e.g
... Intraarticular #MSK #
Differential
... #Orthopedics #
Causes
Causes
of Dysuria ... -
Differential
... Non-Gonococcal (
e.g
... cystitis #Dysuria #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
dissection is
caused
... tissue disorder
e.g
... Pulse deficit/
differential
... blood pressure:
e.g
Causes
of Erythema ... : antibiotics (
e.g
... Erythema #Nodosum #
Causes
... #
Differential
#
Acute and Chronic
Causes
... of Dyspnea -
Differential
... Neuromuscular disease (
eg
... Metabolic acidosis (
eg
... #
Differential
#
Guidelines for
Crises
... in Anaesthesia
Causes
... Consider thrombolysis
e.g
... over 2 h (>65
kg
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
fractures in elderly
Causes
... to the femur (
e.g
... orthopedics #diagnosis #
differential
... #
causes
#pathophysiology
Gastrointestinal and Systemic
Causes
... -
Differential
... Other: • Sepsis (
e.g
... Emesis #Vomiting #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
• Most common
cause
... Lung Abscess
Differential
... • Vasculitis (
e.g
... Abscess #pulmonary #
differential
... #
causes
#management
Phos), CBC with
differential
... - Beta-
HCG
if ... - Infectious
workup
... oral secretions (
e.g
... subjective dyspnea,
etc
Causes
of Acute ... Cardiac injury (
e.g
... Pericardial perforation (
e.g
... Rheumatic fever #
Causes
... #Pericarditis #
Differential
►
hyponatremia, AKI,
etc
... failure, esp in
work
-up ... history Initial
Work
-up ... will also get an
EKG
... Checklist #diagnosis #
workup
/animal waste (
e.g
... Standing Water (
e.g
... process • If
able
... #PatientInfo #
differential
Guidelines for
Crises
... likely underlying
cause
... devices could have
caused
... cultures if possible (
eg
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Drugs that prolong
QT
... Congenital long
QT
... load: 25-50 mg/
kg
... 1b (lidocaine)-
case
... Load: 1-1.5 mg/
kg
therapy - Number one
cause
...
Eg
: C. burnetii ... Mycobacterial
etc
Rhabdomyolysis -
Differential
... Herpes, Coxsackie
etc
... per day until
stable
... Rhabdomyolysis #
Differential
... Management #Summary #
causes
Prevalence: 1-2
cases
... unit activity on
EMG
... of diazepam •
EMG
... antibody that
works
...
EMG
Studies:
Ozempic), or daily
tablet
... side effects (
e.g
... . diarrhea,
nausea
... not definitively
cause
microbiological techniques
Work
-up ... but important
causes
... special stains (
e.g
... Endocarditis #diagnosis #
differential
... #
workup
#infectiousdiseases
halt nail growth (
e.g
... #dermatology #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
causes
exclude other
causes
... cardiomyopathy (
e.g
... hemodynamics (
e.g
... LVEF recovery (
e.g
... teratogenic GDMT meds (
e.g
honeycombing, bleb
etc
... since in many
cases
... #CXR #Lucency #
Differential
... #
Table
#CavitaryLesion
mononeuritis multiplex
WORKUP
... coagulopathy) • CBC w
differential
... recent DAN) •
EMG
... Goodpasture's
cause
... Renal #Syndromes #
differential
Modalities for
Workup
... endoscopy •
Able
... Enterography •
Able
... Deep Enteroscopy (
e.g
... gastroenterology #
table
Hemopericardium)-
Differential
... • Malignancy (
e.g
... OTHER RARE
CAUSES
... Hemopericardium #
Differential
Guidelines for
Crises
... Consider known drug
causes
... (
eg
. remifentanil ... , digoxin
etc
) ... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Diagnosis and
Workup
... No additional
workup
... CNS inflammatory
cause
... ) •
EMG
/NCS (rare
Pulmonary Edema -
Differential
...
Causes
include: ... level <100 pg/ml
EKG
... #edema #NCPE #
differential
indicates unknown
cause
... listed in the
table
... vascular diseases (
e.g
EKG
of the same ... to diagnose the
case
... excludes other
differentials
►
not be subtle
e.g
... very remarkable w/
differential
...
E.g
. 80 yo ESR cutoff ... vision changes,
etc
... identifies 85 to 95% of
cases
Weakness -
Differential
... Cardiac, pulmonary
etc
... dystrophies
Work
... electromyographic (
EMG
... #Weakness #
Differential
is desirable,
e.g
... obstruction -
Able
... identify non-calculus
causes
... for non-calculus
causes
Weakness, cramping,
nausea
... reabsorption)
Workup
... heparinized tube) •
ECG
... only if no clear
cause
... Elimination (see
Table
Guidelines for
Crises
... airway expertise
e.g
... Guidelines for
crises
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
countries (11-24
cases
... Americans (18-71
cases
... symptoms are not
caused
... of diagnosis (
e.g
... Self-limiting, chronic but
stable
potential inciting
causes
... foods, stress,
etc
... Haverhill fever
caused
... Erythemas #comparison #
table
... #
differential
#
- Polycythemia
Differential
... Polycythemia - Acquired
Causes
... Paraneoplastic (
e.g
... Polycythemia #Vera #PV #
Differential
for assessing an
ECG
... evaluate potential
causes
... section of the
ECG
... pathway that can
cause
... #cardiology #
differential
cardiogenic shock (
eg
... #NormalValues #
Differential
... #
Table
#Chambers
Rhabdomyolysis -
Differential
... Management Summary
Causes
... Herpes, Coxsackie,
etc
... per day until
stable
... Rhabdomyolysis #
Differential
Non-inflammatory
Causes
... Non-inflammatory
causes
... skull neoplasms (
e.g
... noninflammatory #
differential
Guidelines for
Crises
... obtain 12-lead
ECG
... Guidelines for
crises
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Guidelines for
Crises
... obstructing the airway,
e.g
... Consider other
causes
... Guidelines for
crises
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
been increasing
cases
... This
EKG
is from ... associated with
cases
... Clinical #Toxicology #
ECG
... #
EKG
#Loperamide
positive in 90% of IE
cases
... Septic Emboli
Cause
... Marantic (NTBE)
Differential
... ↑ ESR, CRP •
EKG
... Treat underlying
cause
Causes
of spinal ... • Extrinsic
Causes
... • Intrinsic
Causes
... - Infection (
e.g
... syndromes #lesions #
differential
should identify any
cause
... Consider potential
causes
... blood gas, 12-lead
ECG
... Checklist #Diagnosis #
Workup
... #Management #
Workup
ECG
is vital while ... the determined
cause
... #diagnosis #
differential
... cardiology #treatment #
table
tight-fitting mask (
e.g
... recent surgery,
etc
... A venturi mask
uses
Bacterial Meningitis -
Differential
... Enteroviruses (
e.g
... Photophobia •
Nausea
... Good indicator to
differentiate
... CNS #Infections #
differential
Emergent
Causes
... carbon monoxide (
eg
... living conditions (
eg
... vascular diseases (
eg
... signs #symptoms #
differential
immunodeficiency, is
caused
... require biopsy to
differentiate
... benign lesions (
e.g
Palpitations -
Differential
... exam • 12-lead
ECG
... • Bradycardia
caused
... Valvular disease (
e.g
... Palpitations #Cardiology #
Differential
muscles: “myasthenic
crises
... life-threatening
Differential
... Serologic and
EMG
... Myasthenia
Crises
Bradycardia -
Differential
... • Infections (
e.g
... • Autoimmune (
e.g
... Physiological
causes
... (
e.g
. athletes,
-100,000 per (
e.g
... part automated
differential
... the underlying
cause
Reversible course
Differential
... •
EEG
: With persistent ... the underlying
cause
... with AEDs until
cause
Associated with Panic -
Differential
... Specific Trigger (
e.g
... for >6 months (
e.g
...
Work
or School) ... Difficulty in Escape (
e.g
-
Causes
progressive ... Escorial criteria
uses
...
EMG
: LMN Signs in ... conditions listed in
differential
Causes
of Male Infertility ... -
Differential
... Ejaculatory duct cysts (
e.g
... gonadotropins (
e.g
... Genetic abnormality (
e.g
and pruritus (
e.g
... honey-colored
crusts
... Varies with site, (
e.g
... dermatology #rash #
differential
Rule out other
causes
... antiinflammatory properties
e.g
... Tetracyclines
etc
occasionally,
e.g
... from whatever
cause
... so, they seem
stable
Bowel Disease (
e.g
... Protein-losing Enteropathy (
e.g
... Requirements (
e.g
... Respiratory distress (
e.g
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
in recipient (
e.g
... haptoglobin, ↑LDH,
etc
...
Causes
purpura & ... TRALI): Leading
cause
... more likely to
cause
high-risk activities (
e.g
... crowded areas as
able
... (
e.g
. shopping ... homeless shelters,
etc
... , barns, bird
cages
circuit and can
cause
... EMBOLISM - can
cause
... CO2 production (
e.g
... problems #diagnosis #
differential
Abdominal Distention -
Differential
... Dilatation Other
Causes
... Medical Conditions (
e.g
... Neuropathic • Enteric (
e.g
... • Extrinsic (
e.g
procedures/ bleeding
etc
... 500 mL in a 70
kg
... phlebotomy/ blood
work
... prolonged rest can
cause
... pathophysiology #
differential
Guidelines for
Crises
... Obtain 12-lead
ECG
... Guidelines for
crises
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Fetal HR Tracing -
Causes
... Tachycardia -
Differential
... congenital heart block (
e.g
... Vagal stimulation (
e.g
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Call for help (
e.g
... This can
cause
life-threatening ... Emergencies #diagnosis #
differential
Laparoscopic
work
... Source: Fiber optic
cable
... multiple sizes,
e.g
... implements used to
work
- Overview and
Differential
... Septic emboli
cause
... ↑ ESR, CRP •
EKG
... Treat underlying
cause
... #Endocarditis #
Differential
Causes
of Purpura ... infiltration (
e.g
... Rare disorders,
e.g
... - Vasculitis,
e.g
... pediatrics #diagnosis #
differential
Constipation -
Differential
... Withholding • Painful (
e.g
... Constipation #Pediatric #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Hyperkalemia ... Intercellular Shift -
Differential
... • Cell Lysis (
e.g
... IntercellularShift #Nephrology #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Deformity / Limp -
Differential
... Arthritis Other
Causes
... Disease • Patella (
e.g
... Deformity #Limp #MSK #
Differential
... #Orthopedics #
Causes
Causes
of Hyperkalemia ... Reduced Excretion -
Differential
... • Low EABV (
e.g
... IntercellularShift #Nephrology #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Inaccurate ... nonhuman heme (
eg
... of peroxidases (
eg
... non-Gl blood (
eg
... FalseNegative #Diagnosis #
Differential
Phenytoin - May
cause
... dose of 20 mg/
kg
... Pentobarbital - Titrate to
EEG
... Midazolam - Titrate to
EEG
... Pharmacology #Dosing #
Table
dopamine blockers (
e.g
... dopamine agonists (
e.g
... pharmacogenetic disease
caused
... Toxidromes #comparison #
table
... #diagnosis #
differential
Causes
of Neutropenia ... -
Differential
... the most common
cause
... Constitutional disorders,
eg
... #Neutropenia #
differential
Diabetes • Other
causes
... Malignancies (
e.g
... pathophysiology #
differential
Causes
of Female ... Infertility -
Differential
... Hyperprolactinemia • Tumors (
e.g
... #Infertility #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Chronic ... Cough -
Differential
... Chronic Infection (
Eg
... Cough #Chronic #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Metabolic ... Alkalosis -
Differential
... Chloruretic drugs (
eg
... Metabolic #Alkalosis #
Differential
... #Diagnosis #
Causes
High-oxalate diet (
eg
... Hyperoxaluria #
causes
... #
differential
#
Gastronintestinal Bleed -
Differential
... bowel source (
e.g
... Gastronintestinal #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Nausea
and Vomiting ... -
Differential
... Other • sepsis (
e.g
... Vomiting #emesis #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Chronic ... Diarrhea -
Differential
... Artificial sweeteners (
e.g
... Chronic #Diarrhea #
Causes
... #
Differential
#
infections, a common
cause
... fever - Another
cause
... saliva sample (
e.g
... possibly PCR testing (
e.g
... Fever #Travel #
Differential
Causes
of a low ... malformation (
eg
... pancreas), Genetic
causes
... elastase #low #
differential
... #diagnosis #
causes
Common bacterial
causes
... Hepatic artery (
e.g
... children #peds #
differential
Simple CL -
Caused
... ) Complex CL:
Caused
... substantial size (
eg
... diagnosis #comparison #
table
close friend or In
cases
... traumatic event(s) (
e.g
... in response to
cues
... traumatic event(s)
e.g
... detachment from others
etc
Guidelines for
Crises
... environmental hazard (
e.g
... Transfer on operating
table
... remember mains
cable
... Guidelines for
crises
Are you always
able
... your drug use (
e.g
... convulsions, bleeding,
etc
alopecia in 5% of
cases
... with animals (
eg
... Alopecia #types #
differential
Autoimmune Myositis -
Differential
... Aldolase levels •
EMG
... statins - probably
caused
... #rheumatology #
differential
×
Causes
of ST Elevation ... in
ECG
#STElevation ... #STEMI #
ECG
#
EKG
... Electrocardiogram #
Causes
... #
Differential
#
Irregular rhythm
table
... Diagnosis #Cardiology #
EKG
... #
ECG
#WideComplex ... Tachycardia #Irregular #
Table
... #Comparison #
Differential
Hypercalcemia -
EKG
... Findings
Causes
... Hypercalcemia #
EKG
... #
ECG
#Electrocardiogram ... #
Differential
#
interval - Only
works
... Bazett's Formula:
QTc
... #
QTc
#Interval ... cardiology #diagnosis #
ecg
... #
ekg
#electrocardiogram
Electrocardiogram (
EKG
... Digoxin effect on
ECG
... waves - Short
QT
... Electrocardiogram #
EKG
... Cardiology #Digitalis #
ECG
Tachycardia -
ECG
... diagnosis #cardiology #
ekg
... #
ecg
#electrocardiogram ... #definition #
differential
... #
causes
syncope Tests:
ECG
... , Carotid U/S,
EEG
... Syncope #diagnosis #
workup
... Effectiveness #
table
blockers which
cause
... QRS #widening #
ECG
... #
EKG
#Pharmacology ... Toxicology #Diagnosis #
Differential
... #Drugs #
Classes
repolarization
causes
... prolonged PR and
QT
... #Hyperkalemia #
EKG
... #
ECG
#Changes # ... Progression #
Table
Causes
of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO
cause
... Drugs (antibiotics
e.g
... Nodosum #Mnemonic #
Causes
... #
Differential
#
- Malignancy (
e.g
... CNS pathology (
e.g
... Pulmonary pathology (
e.g
... #Diagnosis #
Table
... #
Causes
#Sodium
Wave Inversions -
Differential
... TWaveInversions #TWI #
Differential
... #Diagnosis #
Causes
... #Cardiology #
ECG
... #
EKG
#Electrocardiogram
wave inversion
causes
... Cardiology #MedStudent #
EKG
... #
Differential
#
Approach to
ECGs
... • ↑ Ca - short
QT
... Syncope #Syndromes #
ECG
... #
EKG
#Checklist ... electrocardiogram #
differential
Causes
of Splenomegaly ... -
Differential
... • Thrombus (
e.g
... Myeloproliferative disorders (
eg
... Spleen #Enlarged #
Differential
Lead AVR on
ECG
... aVR • Classic
EKG
... widened QRS and
QTc
... #AVR #leadAVR #
ecg
... electrocardiogram #diagnosis #
ekg
Diagnosis and
Causes
... Paraclinical assessment:
EKG
... pericarditis • Rule out
differential
... #Myocarditis #
differential
... #Diagnosis #
Causes
Infiltrative disorders (
e.g
... - Medications (
e.g
... renal diseases (
e.g
... #Diagnosis #
Table
... #
Causes
Reflex Testing -
Causes
... Deep coma (any
cause
... polyneuropathy (
e.g
... #
differential
# ... diagnosis #
table
Diagnosis and
Workup
... life-threatening
causes
... rupture Initial
workup
... : •
EKG
• Bedside ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
workup
Platelet Disorders -
Differential
... Diagnosis and
Workup
... function test, ANA (
e.g
... Platelet #Disorders #
Differential
... #
Workup
#hematology
Causes
of Thrombocytopenia ... -
Differential
... Toxic Damage (
e.g
... Displacement (
e.g
... Foreign Surface (
e.g
without biopsy)
e.g
... and/or cytology (
e.g
... of alternative
causes
... Algorithm #diagnosis #
Workup
Volume (MCV) -
Differential
... Iron Deficiency (
Eg
... Other •
e.g
... HgbE, HgbC,
etc
. ... #elevatedMCV #
Differential
Differential
Diagnosis ... , no extensive
workup
... EtOH - Infectious
workup
... blood cultures -
ECG
... #Hypoglycemia #
Differential
Approach to
ECGs
... 200ms from longer
pause
... bradyarrhythmia #
ECG
... #
EKG
#diagnosis ... electrocardiogram #cardiology #
differential
Sleep Deprivation (
Eg
... Shift
Work
) Sleep ... Neurologic Disorders (
Eg
... • Medications (
Eg
... • Drug Abuse (
Eg
Common
causes
of ... Kidney Injury AKI -
Differential
... vasoconstriction (
e.g
... disease or drugs
e.g
... AIN) • Drugs (
e.g
Shock -
Differential
... Medication side effect (
e.g
... Medication side effect (
e.g
... Classification #
Table
... #
Causes
IV Mg infusion (
e.g
... Hypermagnesemia #
Differential
... High #Magnesium #
Table
... #
Causes
#Management
Causes
of Constipation ... -
Differential
... Calcium supplements,
etc
... disease, Anal pain (
e.g
... #Diagnosis #
Causes
cardiac syncope,
e.g
... frequently benign
causes
... syncope (ruling out
differential
... and an initial
ECG
... depends on the
cause
dialysis indication (
e.g
... Nephrotoxic drugs (
e.g
... are
caused
by prerenal ... CONSIDER INTRINSIC
CAUSES
... KidneyInjury #simplified #
workup
to Diarrhea -
Differential
... Diagnosis and
Workup
... Necrosis • Toxic (
e.g
... #Diarrhea #
Differential
Surgical devices,
e.g
... Sepsis (→ 3-14)
e.g
... malignant syndrome (
e.g
... #Hyperthermia #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Causes
of Post-Partum ... Hemorrhage -
Differential
... Uterine fatigue (
e.g
... Hemorrhage #PPH #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Hypernatremia ... -
Differential
... Polyuria scheme)
e.g
... Hypernatremia #Nephrology #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
contraceptives (
e.g
... breakthrough bleeding,
etc
... continuous use (
e.g
... changing the COC (
e.g
... medications #obgyn #
table
Hyperthyroidism -
Differential
... Diagnosis and
Workup
... Hyperthyroidism (↑↑↑ ß-
hCG
... Thyroiditis, Iodine (
e.g
... Hyperthyroidism #
Differential
Short Stature -
Differential
... Dysplasias • (
e.g
... • CNS Tumors (
e.g
... #ShortStature #
Differential
... endocrinology #
causes
Definitions -
Stable
... NSTEMI, STEMI 1
STABLE
... thrombus formation
causes
... is reflected by
ECG
... Text: The Only
EKG
Vasopressors
Table
... Resistance, Main
Uses
... /
kg
/min - Milrinone ... /
kg
/min Internet ... Vasopressors #Properties #
Table
and
Differential
... risk factors (
eg
... hypertension (
eg
... hypertension (
eg
... #
causes
#
Differential
- CBC with
differential
... Relevant drug levels (
e.g
... tox/infectious
workup
... rigidity) Consider
EEG
... Delirium #Evaluation #
Workup
• Bacterial (
e.g
... • Parasitic (
e.g
... • Bacterial (
e.g
... • Parasitic (
e.g
... histolytjca)
Nausea
Causes
of Fever ... Origin (FUO) -
Differential
... Infected thrombosis, (
e.g
... Inflammatory Diseases (
e.g
... #Origin #FUO #
Differential
hypereosinophilia (HE)
Caused
... cytokines Common
causes
... disease Rare
causes
... Lymphoid variant (
e.g
... hypereosinophilia #HE #
Differential
evaluation or
workup
... 1,500 cells/µL
Workup
... for secondary
causes
... signs or symptoms (
eg
... Disorders #Algorithm #
Differential
Known to Prolong
QTc
... pseudoephedrine #
QTc
... #Medications #
Causes
... #
differential
# ... #pharmacology #
table
Pituitary Mass -
Differential
... Physiological (
e.g
... Compensation (
e.g
... • Stimulatory (
e.g
... endocrinology #
causes
(Many
causes
!) ... * (most common
cause
... • Infection (
e.g
... Brain lesions (
e.g
... diagnosis #neurology #
differential
(usually IgG) (
e.g
... (usually IgM) (
e.g
... deficiencies (
e.g
... Membrane defects (
e.g
... #
differential
#
Differential
Diagnosis ... (
e.g
. heparin contamination ... inhibitory drugs (
e.g
... specific inhibitor (
e.g
... #diagnosis #
differential
Constipation -
Differential
... Active Medications (
e.g
... Cation Related (
e.g
... Anticholinergic (
e.g
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Mouth Disorders -
Differential
... • Gum Disease (
e.g
... Inflamed Papillae (
e.g
... Oral #Disorders #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Peripheral ... Edema -
Differential
... Medication side effect (
e.g
... • Filariasis (
e.g
... Peripheral #Edema #
Differential
Causes
of Hypercalcemia ... -
Differential
... Granulomatous Disorders (
eg
... Hypercalcemia #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Abdominal Pain -
Differential
... , gynecologic,
etc
... extra-abdominal
causes
... abdominal pain (
Table
... #Localization #
Causes
Causes
of Neutrophilia ... Neutrophils -
Differential
... Solid Tumour (
e.g
... #Neutrophils #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Developmental ... Delay -
Differential
... Teratogenic Disorder (
e.g
... • Mechanical (
e.g
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Primary ... Amenorrhea -
Differential
... Gonadal Dysgenesis (
e.g
... Gonadal Dysgenesis (
e.g
... • Functional (
e.g
Liver Mass -
Differential
... • Metastases (
e.g
... Mass #Hepatology #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
pressure as a
cause
... and positioning (
e.g
... (
eg
steroid dependency ... #Hypotension #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Respiratory Failure -
Differential
... High altitude (
eg
... Intrapulmonary shunting (
eg
... intracardiac shunting (
eg
... Failure #hypoxia #
Differential
Back Pain -
Differential
... spondyloarthritis (
e.g
... spondyloarthritis (
e.g
... #Diagnosis #
causes
... #primarycare #
table
Inflammatory Joint Pain -
Differential
... • Reactive (
e.g
... Enteropathic (
e.g
... Enteropathic (
e.g
... #Orthopedics #
Causes
Lipid Profiles -
Differential
... - Secondary
Causes
... HDL - Genetic
Causes
... Increased Estrogen (
e.g
... LipidProfiles #
Differential
WOBBLER for
ECG
... syncope, can be
caused
... characteristically
cause
... Mnemonic #Syncope #
EKG
... #
ECG
#Diagnosis
Pathophysiology and
Differential
... - Congenital (
e.g
... HHT), Acquired (
e.g
... Pathophysiology #
Differential
... Diagnosis #cardiology #
causes
Vascular Joint Pain -
Differential
... Septic Embolism (
e.g
... Fat Embolism (
e.g
... Mycotic Aneurysm (
e.g
... #Orthopedics #
Causes
Causes
of Secondary ... <35 years old,
e.g
... • Functional (
e.g
... Infiltrative lesions (
e.g
... Stalk Damage (
e.g
The most common
causes
... more than one
cause
... (
e.g
. cirrhosis ... carcinomatosis, HF,
etc
... Jcortesizaguirr #Ascites #
workup
Pulmonary Embolism on
ECG
... Triage
EKG
(no prior ...
Differential
/diagnosis ... Pulmonary #Embolism #
ECG
... #
EKG
#Electrocardiogram
and Esophageal
Causes
... of Dysphagia -
Differential
... Non-relaxation of
EG
... junction: Achalasia,
EG
... Esophageal #Dysphagia #
Differential
Causes
of Thrombocytosis ... -
Differential
... inflammatory disorders (
e.g
... Thrombocytosis #
Differential
... #Diagnosis #
Causes
Causes
of Pediatric ... Constipation -
Differential
... Withholding • Painful (
e.g
... #Constipation #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Hypoglycemia -
Differential
... • Medications (
e.g
... • Alimentary (
e.g
... Critical Illness (
e.g
... Hyperinsulinemic States (
e.g
uptake and storage (
eg
... miscellaneous
causes
... (
eg
, spirochetal ... #unconjugated #
differential
... #
causes
Causes
of Bleeding ... / Bruising -
Differential
... Rare • Drugs (
e.g
... Bleeding #Bruising #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Nonspecific inhibitors
e.g
... to one factor
e.g
...
e.g
. heparin ... inhibitory drugs
e.g
... #diagnosis #
differential
Guidelines for
Crises
... trolley and 12-lead
ECG
... CM5 continuous
ECG
... Obtain a 12-lead
ECG
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
prior resistance.
e.g
... ESBL, KPC, VRE.
etc
... pharmacology #
table
Breast Discharge -
Differential
... Failure • Stress (
e.g
... Breast #Discharge #
Differential
... Endocrinology #
Causes
Causes
of Anemia ... Volume (MCV) -
Differential
... Chronic Disease (
e.g
... Classification #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
in Anaesthesia
Caused
... or iatrogenic
causes
... ,
e.g
. central line ... pericardiocentesis kit (
eg
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Causes
of Abnormal ... Genital Bleeding -
Differential
... : • Medical (
e.g
... Pelvic #Bleeding #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Treatment of
Stable
... Control rate (
e.g
... Treat underlying
cause
... Control rate (
e.g
... Treat underlying
cause
How do you
work
... Evaluate underlying
cause
... Cardioembolic: •
ECG
... Ruled out other
causes
... #CVA #stroke #
workup
Causes
of Growth ... Gestational Age -
Differential
... co-morbidities (
e.g
... Genetic disorder (
e.g
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Differential
Diagnosis ... Parasitic infection (
e.g
... EricsMedicalLectures/ #Wheezing #
Differential
... #Diagnosis #
Causes
joint trauma (
e.g
... subchondral bone (
e.g
... derangements (
e.g
... rheumatology #approach #
workup
... #
differential
#
stagnant hypoxia (
e.g
... carrying capacity (
e.g
... abnormal hemoglobin (
e.g
... cannot use oxygen (
e.g
... #diagnosis #
causes
(<72 hours) -
Differential
... musculoskeletal
causes
... genitourinary
causes
... Metabolic disease (
e.g
... Abdominal #Pain #
Differential
respiratory tract (
e.g
... has potential to
cause
... •
Workup
• General ... Management #treatment #
workup
Hyperglycemia -
Differential
... Hyperglycemia (
e.g
... #HighGlucose #
Differential
... endocrinology #
causes
Causes
of Congenital ... Anomalies -
Differential
... normal tissue (
e.g
... • Association (
e.g
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Summary
table
of ... trauma to breast
e.g
... mastitis • Usually
caused
... diseases #benign #
differential
... #
table
Causes
of Secondary ... Hypertension -
Differential
... #Hypertension #
Differential
... #Screening #
Workup
... #
table
Causes
of Proteinuria ... -
Differential
... Protein deposition (
eg
... Proteinuria #Nephrology #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Iron Deficiency ... Diet: ↓ Intake,
e.g
... Iron #Deficiency #
Causes
... #
differential
#
Jaundice -
Differential
... Sepsis • Drugs (
e.g
... #Jaundice #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Hepatic congestion (
e.g
... #RUQ #Pain #
differential
... #diagnosis #
causes
Incontinence -
Differential
... • Age-Related (
e.g
... • Neuropathy (
e.g
... Tumors/Trauma (
e.g
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
should identify any
cause
... surgery related
cause
... blood gas, 12-lead
ECG
... Airway #Pressure #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
to HDS, drugs,
OTC
... of information (
e.g
... medications, Hidden
OTC
... for alternative
causes
... vascular disorder (
e.g
Causes
of Tremors ... Movement Disorders -
Differential
... Cerebellar Disease (
e.g
... MovementDisorders #Neurology #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Hypomagnesemia #
Differential
... Low #Magnesium #
Table
... Classification #
Causes
... #
Workup
#hypomg
Pupillary Defects -
Differential
... Pharmacologic (
e.g
... Pupils #Defects #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Localized ... Lymphadenopathy -
Differential
... • Infection (
e.g
... Lymphadenopathy #LAD #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Fatigue ... -
Differential
... • Drug Abuse (
e.g
... Chronic #Fatigue #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
causes
arrhythmia syndromes (
e.g
... ., long
QT
syndrome ... heart disease
Causes
... 300 = NSVT
EKG
... may not occur
Differential
the potential
causes
... Demyelinating disease (
eg
... MAGICDR #DRMAGIC #
Differential
Dysfunction -
Differential
... Sympathomimetic Drugs (
e.g
... Interpersonal Issues (
e.g
... psycho-social trauma '(
e.g
... endocrinology #
causes
comorbidities, travel,
etc
... specific food (
e.g
... Current or previous
work
... daycare, hunting,
etc
... , rural/urban,
etc
Causes
of Anemia ... Volume (MCV) -
Differential
... • Secondary (
e.g
... Normocytic #Anemia #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
metastases, Infection (
e.g
... uropathy, Metabolic
causes
... (
e.g
., hypokalemia ... disease, Drugs (
e.g
... Nephrology #Diagnosis #
Differential
• They must be
able
... production to
cause
... arrythmias Diagnostics:
EKG
Fragility Fractures -
Differential
... Malignancy • Drugs (
e.g
... Pathologic #MSK #
Differential
... #Orthopedics #
Causes
Causes
of Polyuria ... -
Differential
... SGLT2 inhibitors (
e.g
... #Polyuria #
Differential
... #Diagnosis #
Causes
is not desired (
e.g
... is not desired (
e.g
... Bradyarrhythmias, Some
cases
... Inotropes #comparison #
table
Urine Microscopy -
Casts
... Acellular
Casts
... • Hyaline
Casts
... colored compounds (
e.g
... heme, bilirubin,
etc
for Three Common
Causes
... when possible (
eg
... dysrhythmias (
eg
... Ameliorate increased
work
... reverse the insult (
eg
Causes
of Anemia ... Volume (MCV) -
Differential
... Increased Requirement (
e.g
... #elevatedMCV #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Causes
of Polyuria ... -
Differential
... concentration (
e.g
... Polyuria #Nephrology #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
arrest where other
causes
... as a possible
cause
... alternate vasopressor (
e.g
... as patient is
stable
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Hyperamylasemia)-
Differential
... Algorithm Pancreatic
causes
... pancreatitis:
eg
... Non-pancreatic
causes
... Hyperamylasemia #
Differential
Causes
of Fever ... Origin (FUO) -
Differential
... • Protozoa (
eg
... #FUO #Chronic #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
causes
Lung Nodule -
Differential
... Benign Neoplasm (
eg
... cannonball lesions";
Eg
... #Lung #Nodule #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
side effects (
e.g
... It also can
cause
... hypoglycemia),
QTc
... concomitant use of
QTc
... prolonging drugs (
e.g
Causes
of Fat Malabsorption ... -
Differential
... Cholestatic drugs-
e.g
... Malabsorption #
Differential
... #Diagnosis #
Causes
Chemotherapy (
e.g
... Post-splenectomy,
Etc
... Liver disease,
Etc
... valve induced,
Etc
... RBC #Morphology #
differential
Lactic Acidosis -
Differential
... by excretion (
e.g
... its metabolism (
e.g
... hypoxemia/Sepsis
etc
... Acidosis #Elevation #
Differential
The probable
cause
... and treat the
cause
... • Check
ECG
rhythm ... CardiacArrest #Checklist #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Causes
of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (
e.g
... Hypercalcemia #
Causes
... #
Differential
#
►
Causes
of ST Segment ... Elevation -
Differential
... voltage Other
Causes
... diagnosis #cardiology #
ecg
... #
ekg
#electrocardiogram
Causes
of Copper ... Deficiency -
Differential
... zinc ingestion (
e.g
... Copper #Deficiency #
Differential
Chronic Joint Pain -
Differential
... • Fascitis (
e.g
... Intraarticular #MSK #
Differential
... #Orthopedics #
Causes
Causes
of Dysuria ... -
Differential
... Non-Gonococcal (
e.g
... cystitis #Dysuria #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
dissection is
caused
... tissue disorder
e.g
... Pulse deficit/
differential
... blood pressure:
e.g
Causes
of Erythema ... : antibiotics (
e.g
... Erythema #Nodosum #
Causes
... #
Differential
#
Acute and Chronic
Causes
... of Dyspnea -
Differential
... Neuromuscular disease (
eg
... Metabolic acidosis (
eg
... #
Differential
#
Guidelines for
Crises
... in Anaesthesia
Causes
... Consider thrombolysis
e.g
... over 2 h (>65
kg
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
fractures in elderly
Causes
... to the femur (
e.g
... orthopedics #diagnosis #
differential
... #
causes
#pathophysiology
Gastrointestinal and Systemic
Causes
... -
Differential
... Other: • Sepsis (
e.g
... Emesis #Vomiting #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
• Most common
cause
... Lung Abscess
Differential
... • Vasculitis (
e.g
... Abscess #pulmonary #
differential
... #
causes
#management
Phos), CBC with
differential
... - Beta-
HCG
if ... - Infectious
workup
... oral secretions (
e.g
... subjective dyspnea,
etc
Causes
of Acute ... Cardiac injury (
e.g
... Pericardial perforation (
e.g
... Rheumatic fever #
Causes
... #Pericarditis #
Differential
►
hyponatremia, AKI,
etc
... failure, esp in
work
-up ... history Initial
Work
-up ... will also get an
EKG
... Checklist #diagnosis #
workup
/animal waste (
e.g
... Standing Water (
e.g
... process • If
able
... #PatientInfo #
differential
Guidelines for
Crises
... likely underlying
cause
... devices could have
caused
... cultures if possible (
eg
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Drugs that prolong
QT
... Congenital long
QT
... load: 25-50 mg/
kg
... 1b (lidocaine)-
case
... Load: 1-1.5 mg/
kg
therapy - Number one
cause
...
Eg
: C. burnetii ... Mycobacterial
etc
Rhabdomyolysis -
Differential
... Herpes, Coxsackie
etc
... per day until
stable
... Rhabdomyolysis #
Differential
... Management #Summary #
causes
Prevalence: 1-2
cases
... unit activity on
EMG
... of diazepam •
EMG
... antibody that
works
...
EMG
Studies:
Ozempic), or daily
tablet
... side effects (
e.g
... . diarrhea,
nausea
... not definitively
cause
microbiological techniques
Work
-up ... but important
causes
... special stains (
e.g
... Endocarditis #diagnosis #
differential
... #
workup
#infectiousdiseases
halt nail growth (
e.g
... #dermatology #
Differential
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
causes
exclude other
causes
... cardiomyopathy (
e.g
... hemodynamics (
e.g
... LVEF recovery (
e.g
... teratogenic GDMT meds (
e.g
honeycombing, bleb
etc
... since in many
cases
... #CXR #Lucency #
Differential
... #
Table
#CavitaryLesion
mononeuritis multiplex
WORKUP
... coagulopathy) • CBC w
differential
... recent DAN) •
EMG
... Goodpasture's
cause
... Renal #Syndromes #
differential
Modalities for
Workup
... endoscopy •
Able
... Enterography •
Able
... Deep Enteroscopy (
e.g
... gastroenterology #
table
Hemopericardium)-
Differential
... • Malignancy (
e.g
... OTHER RARE
CAUSES
... Hemopericardium #
Differential
Guidelines for
Crises
... Consider known drug
causes
... (
eg
. remifentanil ... , digoxin
etc
) ... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Diagnosis and
Workup
... No additional
workup
... CNS inflammatory
cause
... ) •
EMG
/NCS (rare
Pulmonary Edema -
Differential
...
Causes
include: ... level <100 pg/ml
EKG
... #edema #NCPE #
differential
indicates unknown
cause
... listed in the
table
... vascular diseases (
e.g
EKG
of the same ... to diagnose the
case
... excludes other
differentials
►
not be subtle
e.g
... very remarkable w/
differential
...
E.g
. 80 yo ESR cutoff ... vision changes,
etc
... identifies 85 to 95% of
cases
Weakness -
Differential
... Cardiac, pulmonary
etc
... dystrophies
Work
... electromyographic (
EMG
... #Weakness #
Differential
is desirable,
e.g
... obstruction -
Able
... identify non-calculus
causes
... for non-calculus
causes
Weakness, cramping,
nausea
... reabsorption)
Workup
... heparinized tube) •
ECG
... only if no clear
cause
... Elimination (see
Table
Guidelines for
Crises
... airway expertise
e.g
... Guidelines for
crises
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
countries (11-24
cases
... Americans (18-71
cases
... symptoms are not
caused
... of diagnosis (
e.g
... Self-limiting, chronic but
stable
potential inciting
causes
... foods, stress,
etc
... Haverhill fever
caused
... Erythemas #comparison #
table
... #
differential
#
- Polycythemia
Differential
... Polycythemia - Acquired
Causes
... Paraneoplastic (
e.g
... Polycythemia #Vera #PV #
Differential
for assessing an
ECG
... evaluate potential
causes
... section of the
ECG
... pathway that can
cause
... #cardiology #
differential
cardiogenic shock (
eg
... #NormalValues #
Differential
... #
Table
#Chambers
Rhabdomyolysis -
Differential
... Management Summary
Causes
... Herpes, Coxsackie,
etc
... per day until
stable
... Rhabdomyolysis #
Differential
Non-inflammatory
Causes
... Non-inflammatory
causes
... skull neoplasms (
e.g
... noninflammatory #
differential
Guidelines for
Crises
... obtain 12-lead
ECG
... Guidelines for
crises
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Guidelines for
Crises
... obstructing the airway,
e.g
... Consider other
causes
... Guidelines for
crises
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
been increasing
cases
... This
EKG
is from ... associated with
cases
... Clinical #Toxicology #
ECG
... #
EKG
#Loperamide
positive in 90% of IE
cases
... Septic Emboli
Cause
... Marantic (NTBE)
Differential
... ↑ ESR, CRP •
EKG
... Treat underlying
cause
Causes
of spinal ... • Extrinsic
Causes
... • Intrinsic
Causes
... - Infection (
e.g
... syndromes #lesions #
differential
should identify any
cause
... Consider potential
causes
... blood gas, 12-lead
ECG
... Checklist #Diagnosis #
Workup
... #Management #
Workup
ECG
is vital while ... the determined
cause
... #diagnosis #
differential
... cardiology #treatment #
table
tight-fitting mask (
e.g
... recent surgery,
etc
... A venturi mask
uses
Bacterial Meningitis -
Differential
... Enteroviruses (
e.g
... Photophobia •
Nausea
... Good indicator to
differentiate
... CNS #Infections #
differential
Emergent
Causes
... carbon monoxide (
eg
... living conditions (
eg
... vascular diseases (
eg
... signs #symptoms #
differential
immunodeficiency, is
caused
... require biopsy to
differentiate
... benign lesions (
e.g
Palpitations -
Differential
... exam • 12-lead
ECG
... • Bradycardia
caused
... Valvular disease (
e.g
... Palpitations #Cardiology #
Differential
muscles: “myasthenic
crises
... life-threatening
Differential
... Serologic and
EMG
... Myasthenia
Crises
Bradycardia -
Differential
... • Infections (
e.g
... • Autoimmune (
e.g
... Physiological
causes
... (
e.g
. athletes,
-100,000 per (
e.g
... part automated
differential
... the underlying
cause
Reversible course
Differential
... •
EEG
: With persistent ... the underlying
cause
... with AEDs until
cause
Associated with Panic -
Differential
... Specific Trigger (
e.g
... for >6 months (
e.g
...
Work
or School) ... Difficulty in Escape (
e.g
-
Causes
progressive ... Escorial criteria
uses
...
EMG
: LMN Signs in ... conditions listed in
differential
Causes
of Male Infertility ... -
Differential
... Ejaculatory duct cysts (
e.g
... gonadotropins (
e.g
... Genetic abnormality (
e.g
and pruritus (
e.g
... honey-colored
crusts
... Varies with site, (
e.g
... dermatology #rash #
differential
Rule out other
causes
... antiinflammatory properties
e.g
... Tetracyclines
etc
occasionally,
e.g
... from whatever
cause
... so, they seem
stable
Bowel Disease (
e.g
... Protein-losing Enteropathy (
e.g
... Requirements (
e.g
... Respiratory distress (
e.g
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
in recipient (
e.g
... haptoglobin, ↑LDH,
etc
...
Causes
purpura & ... TRALI): Leading
cause
... more likely to
cause
high-risk activities (
e.g
... crowded areas as
able
... (
e.g
. shopping ... homeless shelters,
etc
... , barns, bird
cages
circuit and can
cause
... EMBOLISM - can
cause
... CO2 production (
e.g
... problems #diagnosis #
differential
Abdominal Distention -
Differential
... Dilatation Other
Causes
... Medical Conditions (
e.g
... Neuropathic • Enteric (
e.g
... • Extrinsic (
e.g
procedures/ bleeding
etc
... 500 mL in a 70
kg
... phlebotomy/ blood
work
... prolonged rest can
cause
... pathophysiology #
differential
Guidelines for
Crises
... Obtain 12-lead
ECG
... Guidelines for
crises
... Diagnosis #Management #
Workup
Fetal HR Tracing -
Causes
... Tachycardia -
Differential
... congenital heart block (
e.g
... Vagal stimulation (
e.g
... Diagnosis #Algorithm #
Causes
Call for help (
e.g
... This can
cause
life-threatening ... Emergencies #diagnosis #
differential
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Causes
of ST Elevation ... in
ECG
#STElevation ... #STEMI #
ECG
#
EKG
... Electrocardiogram #
Causes
... #
Differential
#
Irregular rhythm
table
... Diagnosis #Cardiology #
EKG
... #
ECG
#WideComplex ... Tachycardia #Irregular #
Table
... #Comparison #
Differential
Hypercalcemia -
EKG
... Findings
Causes
... Hypercalcemia #
EKG
... #
ECG
#Electrocardiogram ... #
Differential
#
interval - Only
works
... Bazett's Formula:
QTc
... #
QTc
#Interval ... cardiology #diagnosis #
ecg
... #
ekg
#electrocardiogram
Electrocardiogram (
EKG
... Digoxin effect on
ECG
... waves - Short
QT
... Electrocardiogram #
EKG
... Cardiology #Digitalis #
ECG
Tachycardia -
ECG
... diagnosis #cardiology #
ekg
... #
ecg
#electrocardiogram ... #definition #
differential
... #
causes
syncope Tests:
ECG
... , Carotid U/S,
EEG
... Syncope #diagnosis #
workup
... Effectiveness #
table
blockers which
cause
... QRS #widening #
ECG
... #
EKG
#Pharmacology ... Toxicology #Diagnosis #
Differential
... #Drugs #
Classes
repolarization
causes
... prolonged PR and
QT
... #Hyperkalemia #
EKG
... #
ECG
#Changes # ... Progression #
Table
Causes
of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO
cause
... Drugs (antibiotics
e.g
... Nodosum #Mnemonic #
Causes
... #
Differential
#
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